The two essential characteristics of the Gods, according to Epicurus,
are immortality and perfect happiness. [1264] Both of these
characteristics would be impaired were we to attribute to the bodies of
the Gods the same dense corporeity which belongs to our own. We must,
therefore, only assign to them a body analogous to our body, ethereal,
and consisting of the finest atoms. [1265] Such bodies would be of
little use in a world like ours. In fact, they could not live in any
world without being exposed to the temporal ruin which will in time
overwhelm it, and, meantime, to a state of fear, which would mar their
bliss. Epicurus, therefore, assigns the space between the worlds for
their habitation, where, as Lucretius remarks, troubled by no storms,
they live under a sky ever serene. [1266]
Nor can these Gods be supposed to care for the world and the affairs of
men, else their happiness would be marred by the most distressing
occupation; but perfectly free from care and trouble, and absolutely
regardless of the world, in eternal contemplation of their unchanging
perfection, they enjoy the most unalloyed happiness. [1267] The view
which the School formed to itself of this happiness we learn from
Philodemus. [1268] The Gods are exempt from sleep, sleep being a
partial death, and not needed by beings who live without any exertion.
And yet he believes that they require nourishment, though this must, of
course, be of a kind suited to their nature. They also need dwellings,
[1269] since every being requires some place wherein to dwell. Were
powers of speech to be refused to them, they would be deprived of the
highest means of enjoyment—the power of conversing with their equals.
Philodemus thinks it probable they use the Greek or some other closely
allied language. [1270] In short, he imagines the Gods to be a society
of Epicurean philosophers, who have everything that they can
desire—everlasting life, no care, and perpetual opportunities of sweet
converse. Only such Gods,—the Epicureans thought, [1271]—need not be
feared. Only such Gods are free and pure, and worshipped because of
this very perfection. [1272] Moreover, these Gods are innumerable. If
the number of mortal beings is infinite, the law of counterpoise
requires that the number of immortal beings must not be less. [1273] If
we have only the idea of a limited number of Gods, it is because, owing
to their being so much alike, [1274] we confound in our minds the
innumerable pictures of the Gods which are conveyed to our souls.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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