Even this inference sounds forced, nor does it fully state the grounds
on which Epicurus’s view of the value of friendship reposes. That view,
in fact, was anterior to all the necessary props of the system. What
Epicurus requires is primarily enjoyment. The first conditions of such
enjoyment, however, are inward repose of mind, and the removal of fear
of disturbances. But Epicurus was far too effeminate and dependent on
externals to trust his own powers to satisfy these conditions. He
needed the support of others, not only to obtain their help in
necessity and trouble, and to console himself for the uncertainty of
the future, but still more, to make sure of himself and his principles
by having the approval of others, and thus obtaining an inward
satisfaction which he could not otherwise have had. Thus, the approval
of friends is to him the pledge of the truth of his convictions. In
sympathy with friends his mind first attains to a strength by which it
is able to rise above the changing circumstances of life. General ideas
are for him too abstract, too unreal. A philosopher who considers
individual beings as alone real, and perceptions as absolutely true,
cannot feel quite happy and sure of his ground, unless he finds others
to go with him. [1365] The enjoyment which he seeks is the enjoyment of
his own cultivated personality; and wherever this standard prevails,
particular value is attached to the personal relations of society, and
to friendship. [1366]
Hence Epicurus uses language on the value and necessity of friendship
which goes far beyond the grounds on which he bases it. Friendship is
unconditionally the highest of earthly goods. [1367] It is far more
important in whose company we eat and drink, than what we eat and
drink. [1368] In case of emergency, the wise man will not shrink from
suffering the greatest pains, even death, for his friend. [1369]
It is well known that the conduct of Epicurus and his followers was in
harmony with these professions. The Epicurean friendship is hardly less
celebrated than the Pythagorean. [1370] There may be an offensive
mawkishness and a tendency to mutual admiration apparent in the
relations of Epicurus to his friends, [1371] but of the sincerity of
his feelings there can be no doubt. One single expression referring to
the property of friends, [1372] is enough to prove what a high view
Epicurus held of friendship; and there is evidence to show that he
aimed at a higher improvement of his associates. [1373]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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