[57] Conf. Diog. 54: ὁ δὲ Χρύσιππος διαφερόμενος πρὸς αὐτόν ... κριτήριά φησιν εἶναι αἴσθησιν καὶ πρόληψιν. That he was junior to Aratus appears by his commentary on Aratus’ poem. See Appendix to Geminus, Elem. Astron. (Petavii Doctr. Temp. III. 147). The Vita Arati (Von Buhle’s Aratus, vol. ii. 443), probably confounding him with the Peripatetic Boëthus, calls him a native of Sidon. [58] We shall have occasion to prove this in speaking of his views of a criterion, and of his denial of a conflagration and destruction of the world. Nevertheless, he is frequently appealed to as an authority among the Stoics. Philo, Incorruptib. M. 947, C, classes him among ἄνδρες ἐν τοῖς Στωϊκοῖς δόγμασιν ἰσχυκότες. [59] This follows from the great importance of Chrysippus, and the esteem in which he was held from the very first, and is confirmed by the number of persons to whom he wrote treatises. See the list from Diog. 189 in Fabric. Bibl. iii. 549. It is, however, ambiguous whether πρὸς means to or against. [60] Aristocreon, the nephew of Chrysippus, is the only pupil who can be definitely mentioned by name. See Diog. vii. 185; Plut. Sto. Rep. 2, 5, p. 1033. [61] What is known of this philosopher is limited to the statements in Diog. 35; Suid. Ζήν. Διοσκ.; Eus. Pr. Ev. xv. 13, 7; Arius Didymus, Ibid. xv. 17, 2; that he was a native of Tarsus (in Suid. τινὲς say of Sidon, evidently confounding him with the Zeno mentioned p. 44, 3); that he was the son of Dioscorides, the pupil and follower of Chrysippus; that he left many pupils, but few writings; and that he doubted a conflagration of the world. [62] According to Diog. vi. 81; Lucian, Macrob. 20, he was a native of Seleucia on the Tigris; but he is sometimes called a native of Babylon (Diog. vii. 39; 55; Cic. N. D. i. 15, 41; Divin. i. 3, 6; Plut. De Exil. 14, p. 605). Cic. Divin. i. 3, 6, calls him a pupil of Chrysippus; and Acad. ii. 30, 98, the instructor of Carneades in dialectic. Plut. Alex. Virt. 5, p. 328, calls him a pupil of Zeno (of Tarsus). Zeno, he says, Διογένη τὸν Βαβυλώνιον ἔπεισε φιλοσοφεῖν. Diog. vii. 71, mentions a διαλεκτικὴ τέχνη of his; and, vii. 55 and 57, a τέχνη περὶ φωνῆς. Cic. Divin. i. 3, 6, speaks of a treatise on divination. Athen. iv. 168, e, of a treatise περὶ εὐγενείας, xii. 526. d, of a work περὶ νόμων—the same work probably which, according to Cic. Legg. iii. 5, 14, was written ‘a Dione Stoico.’ Cic. Off. iii. 12, 51, calls him ‘magnus et gravis Stoicus;’ Seneca, De Ira, iii. 38, 1, mentions a trait showing great presence of mind. Diogenes was, without doubt, aged in 156 B.C. (Cic. De Senec. 7, 23). According to Lucian, he attained the age of 88, and may therefore have died 150 B.C.