As the distinction between matter and force has its origin in time, so
it will also have an end in time. [342] Matter which primary Being has
separated from itself to form its body is being gradually resolved into
primary Being again; so that, at the end of the present course of
things, a general conflagration of the world will restore all things to
their original form, in which everything derivative will have ceased to
exist, and pure Deity, or primary fire, will alone remain in its
original purity. [343] This resolution of the world into fire or ether,
[344] the Stoics thought, would take place, through the same
intermediate stages as its generation from the primary fire. [345]
Cleanthes, following his peculiar view as to the seat of the governing
[346] force in the world, supposed that its destruction would come from
the sun. [347]
[(3) Cycles in the world’s course.]
No sooner, however, will everything have returned to its original
unity, [348] and the course of the world have come to an end, than the
formation of a new world will begin, [349] so exactly corresponding
with the previous world that every particular thing, every particular
person, and every occurrence will recur in it, [350] precisely as they
occurred in the world preceding. Hence the history of the world and of
Deity—as, indeed, with the eternity of matter and acting force, must
necessarily be the case—revolves in an endless cycle through exactly
the same stages. [351] Still there were not wanting, even in
comparatively early times, members of the Stoic School who entertained
doubts on this teaching; and among the most distinguished of the later
Stoics some gave it up altogether. [352] Besides the periodical
destruction by fire, periodical destructions by floods [353] were also
assumed; there being, however, a difference of opinion as to whether
the whole universe, or only the earth and its inhabitants, were subject
to these floods. [354]
[B. Government of the world.]
[(1) Nature of Destiny.]
[(a) Destiny as Providence.]
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