Whatever attention the Stoics paid to the study of nature and to logic,
the real kernel of their system lies, as has been already observed, in
their Ethics; even natural science, that ‘most divine part of
philosophy,’ was only pursued as an intellectual preparation for
Ethics. In the field of Ethics the true spirit of the Stoic system may
therefore be expected to appear, and it may be anticipated that this
subject will be treated by them with special care. Nor is this
expectation a vain one; for here the springs of information flowing
freely give ample data respecting the Stoic doctrine of morality.
Nevertheless, respecting the formal grouping of these data only vague
and contradictory statements are forthcoming. Moreover, the Stoics
appear to have followed such different courses and to have been so
little afraid of repetition, that it is hardly possible to obtain a
complete survey of their whole system by following any one of the
traditional divisions. [520]
Proceeding to group the materials in such a way as to give the clearest
insight into the peculiarities and connection of the Stoic principles,
the first distinction to be made will be one between morality in
general and particular points in morality. In considering morality in
general, those statements which give the abstract theory of morals will
be distinguished from those which modify it with a view to meet
practical wants. The former again may be grouped round three
points:—the enquiry into the highest good, that into the nature of
virtue, and that relating to the wise man.
[A. The highest good.]
[(1) Nature of the highest good.]
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