“Fig. 1 (upper figure) was obtained at Elkhart Lake, in Sheboygan County. It is eleven and one fourth inches in length. The extreme height is two inches and the extreme width of the base one and seven eighths inches. The material is probably diabase. It weighs one and five eighths pounds. “The implement represented in Fig. 2 (lower figure) presents a slight modification of the usual type. The ridge on the back is smooth and broadly flattened, one half inch wide at the middle and broadens out rapidly at either extremity. The cutting-edge is in good condition, the opposite extremity being somewhat blunted and slightly fractured. The sides are roughly smoothed. [Illustration: FIG. 238. (S. 2–5.) This shows two of the double-edged celts; one with ridges and flattened back, the other convex above and flat underneath. ] “This specimen measures eight and one half inches in length and is one and one half inches high and wide at the middle. It weighs about one and one fourth pounds. The material is diorite. Locality, Kilbourn, Columbia County.” [Illustration: FIG. 239. (S. 1–3.) Eight gouges from the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont. ] In the October-December, 1909, _American Anthropologist_, Professor George H. Perkins, speaking of gouges, says:— “Although by no means confined to the Champlain Valley, the gouges may be regarded as very characteristic of this region, for unless I am in error, they are found here more abundantly and in greater variety than elsewhere. “None of our specimens, not even the best ‘banner-stones,’ are more beautifully finished or of handsomer material than some of the best of our gouges. As is true of other objects, there are all grades of rudeness or elegance in these. As a class, however, the gouges are more carefully shaped and more perfectly finished than most other implements. Indeed, some are so finely finished, of such attractive material, and so apparently unused that it is very difficult to conjecture for what purpose they were made. One of these is shown by the longest in Fig. 253. This is as perfect in all respects, except a recent break at the top, as when it left the maker. If this and others like it were of hard stone, it would be more easy to think of some use to which they could have been put. They are of only moderately hard talcose slate, often of a greenish drab color, and could not be used for any hard work without very evident abrasion, and yet most of them do not show anything of the sort. The surface is not only smooth, but well polished and the edge is sharp. [Illustration: FIG. 240. (S. 1–4.) Five gouges from the collection of L. G. Ogden, Penn Yan, New York. From Yates and Ontario counties, New York. Material: dark gray sandstone, greenstone. ]