rocks, possibly because they disliked the coarse grit which would inevitably arise when such rocks were employed. [Illustration: FIG. 261. (S. 1–3.) These three axes are in the Museum of the Historical Department of Iowa. They are highly polished, with sharp edges, and the two to the right shaped somewhat like tomahawks. Inspection of these figures will acquaint readers with the fact that Iowa axes, in some instances, may be distinguished from those of other sections of the country. ] “What has been said regarding the axe illustrative of aboriginal judgment and knowledge might be repeated for each type of artifact. In each case we should find that the worker had particular reasons why he selected material for a certain artifact, and that these reasons were founded in an understanding of the mineralogical and structural differences in rocks. If we study ornaments and ceremonial stones, we shall see that ordinarily he selected a soft ornamental rock, especially the banded slates, but if he chose to use igneous rocks he rarely employed the types used for axes, but ordinarily the handsome porphyries which made showy and attractive objects. If he wished material for net-weights or sinkers for lines or weights for spears, he took the easily worked and abundant sandstones and limestones, which he rejected for other and harder usage.” On writing Professor Harlan I. Smith of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, regarding axes of the Columbia Valley, British Columbia, Alaska, and the Northwest, generally, Professor Smith replied and quoted from the data collected by the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, part vi of vol. vi of the Memoirs. [Illustration: FIG. 262. (S. 1–1.) ] Mr. Daniel Ashworth spent several years in the far Northwest, near Yale, British Columbia. While there he made a collection of stone implements and among them a grooved axe. Professor Smith writes: [Illustration: FIG. 263. (S. 1–4.) This shows two axes of Class “C,” the one to the right being adze-like in character, although I have included it with the axes, it being grooved. These were found near Ipswich, Massachusetts. The specimen to the left has straight sides, a keen edge, and is splendidly worked out. Peabody Museum, Salem. ] [Illustration: FIG. 263. _A._ (S. 1–5.) ] [Illustration: FIG. 264. (S. 2–3.) Grooved stone axe, from near Portsmouth, Ohio. W. K. Moorehead collection, Ohio State University Museum. ] [Illustration: FIG. 265. (S. 2–3.) Grooved stone axe, from Miami Valley, Ohio. W. K. Moorehead collection, Ohio State University Museum. ]