“Of the articles worn in the ears and nose, our accounts are full and explicit. To a certain extent they were the same—might in fact have been used indiscriminately; and yet such an arrangement must have been one-sided, for whilst the nose ornaments could be used in the ears, there were so many worn in the ears that could not be adapted to the nose, that it seems advisable to consider them separately. Beginning then with nose-rings, as this entire class is usually called, we find that, relatively speaking, they were few in number, and that the material of which they were generally made was shell. The savages, for instance, whom Sagard[18] saw in Canada, had a blue bead (patinotre) of good size which hung down from above, on the upper lip. On the Atlantic Coast a ‘large pearl, or a piece of silver, gold, or wampum’[19] was used; and in ‘the interior parts’ of the country, sea-shells were much worn and were ‘reckoned very ornamental.’[20] In the Gulf States, ‘such coarse diamonds as their own hilly country produced were, in old times, fastened with a deer’s sinew to their hair, nose, ears and maccasenes.’ They also, so it is said, formerly used nose-rings and jewels; but, ‘at present they hang a piece of battered silver or pewter, or a large bead to the nostril, like the European method of treating swine to prevent them from rooting.’[21] “On the other hand, their supply of rings, pendants, and articles of different kinds worn in the ears, was practically unlimited. Shells in the shape of beads of different sizes, pendants, and small cylinders like the stem of a Holland pipe, were in use among the Indians of Canada, as were small pieces of a red stone worked into the shape of an arrow-head.[22] The New England and Western Indians indulged in pendants in ‘the formes of birds, beasts, and fishes, carved out of bone, shells, and stone’[23] and farther to the south ‘they decorate the lappets of their ears with pearls, rings, sparkling stones, feathers, flowers, corals, or silver crosses.’[24] In Carolina they ‘wear great Bobs in their Ears and sometimes in the Holes thereof they put Eagles and other Birds Feathers for a Trophy.’[25] Copper, in the shape of beads, pendants, or wire, was in use from Canada to Florida, as were tufts of down as large as the fist, oiled and painted red.[26] Fish-bladders, which are said to have looked like pearl, were worn in the South,[27] as was a pin made of the interior of a shell, called Burgo, as large as the little finger and quite as long, with a head to prevent it from slipping through the hole in which it was inserted.[28] Finally, according to Strachey,[29] and his account, we may remark, in passing, is a good summary of the whole subject, ‘their ears they bore with wyde holes, commonly two or three, and in the same they doe hang chaines of stayned pearls, braceletts of white bone or shreds of copper, beaten thinne and bright, and wound up hollowe, and with a great pride, certaine fowles