The stone age in North America, vol. 1 of 2Moorehead, Warren K. (Warren King)
History
The stone age in North America, vol. 1 of 2
Moorehead, Warren K. (Warren King)
Indians of North America -- Antiquities; Stone age -- North America
Reference has been made to certain ornaments made of broken ceremonials
or broken gorgets. It seems that they may mean more than what is implied
in the simple statement that a broken ornament was re-made into a
serviceable ornament. That the following is probable, it is not claimed,
but the assertion is ventured that it is possible. Since on becoming
broken they are afterwards made into entirely different objects in
shape, is it not possible that in their original form they were made and
used by a much earlier tribe? Were they not found upon the surface by
later natives, and fashioned by them into such ornaments as are common
upon sites occupied in comparatively recent times? If this is not so,
why do all the broken stones, when refashioned, take the form of
ornaments different from those found generally throughout the country?
It may be offered as a suggestion that the original form was a design
common to the tribe that made them. Becoming broken they were cast
aside. Subsequent individuals or tribes made quite differently shaped
gorgets, and accordingly changed the broken gorget of their predecessors
to the pattern that best suited them.
Regarding Wisconsin gorgets, Mr. Charles E. Brown writes for “The Stone
Age”:—
“Wisconsin has produced a large number of gorgets. A few are from mounds
or graves. They range in their distribution from the Wisconsin-Illinois
line to as far north as Barren and Langlade counties, and embrace a
variety of well known as well as some curious forms. A small number are
ornamented with incised markings upon one or both faces. Some bear a
succession of small incisions upon their edges at the extremities or
sides, or in both places.
“Our gorgets are made of slate, steatite, catlinite, sandstone,
limestone, syenite, mica schist, and of other materials. Most specimens
have a single perforation near one extremity or at the middle. A smaller
number have two perforations, these being placed at the middle, or one
near either end. Gorgets with three or more perforations are of rare
occurrence. Unperforated specimens and specimens in which the drilling
has only been begun are occasionally found. Broken and re-drilled
examples occur. The accompanying outlines are of some of the common and
of the infrequent forms.
“Referring to Fig. 292, rows A and B are common and widely distributed
forms. We have them from every county in the southern half and from a
few of the southern counties of northern Wisconsin.
“Row E contains quite common forms. Many with a rude incised
ornamentation. Fine specimens have been recovered in Ozaukee, Kenosha,
Washington, Walworth, Jefferson, Rock, Dane, Dodge, Green Lake, and
Waupaca counties.
“Rectangular and oval gorgets (centre of row E) are also of quite common
occurrence. Examples have been recovered in Milwaukee, Waukesha, Rock,
Dodge, Sauk, Manitowoc, Winnebago, Juneau, Portage, Waupaca, Outagamie,
and other counties.
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