“Save that presented by Fowke, which embraces only such forms as are represented in the United States National Museum and does not include the Western form, no regular classification of these implements appears to have been attempted. In a like manner, nearly all of the published descriptions of various authors relate only to Southern and Southeastern forms and but little or no effort appears to have been made to assemble the data or compare them with others. “Such being the case, a re-classification or re-consideration of all of the known types, is both timely and necessary. [Illustration: FIG. 369. (S. 1–2.) Two beautiful black slate ornaments from Fulton County, Kentucky. The one to the left is almost spudlike in character, but is too slender to be considered a true spud. Ornaments of this form are very rare and doubtless represent individual fancy, as do many of these things. Collection of B. H. Young, Louisville, Kentucky. ] “In the following convenient classification which is based upon a rather exhaustive study of the available specimens and literature, the writer has attempted to explain to his brother students what are the differences both in form and probable mode of application of the several classes of these implements. This he has supplemented with extracts from the published descriptions, notes, suggestions, and theories advanced by leading archæologists and with such additional data as he has himself been able to collect. “Those who have undertaken similar studies will appreciate the difficulties with which he has had to contend. It is therefore unnecessary to recall them here. The rather broad divisions proposed may hardly be found to include all of the known forms, yet the classification is probably as good as any that can be devised in the present and as yet limited state of our knowledge. The author desires to acknowledge his indebtedness to Dr. J. F. Snyder, Mr. Harlan I. Smith, Prof. T. H. Lewis, Prof. W. K. Moorehead, Hon. J. V. Brower, Rev. James Savage, Rev. E. C. Mitchell, and others for suggestions and data received and to his brother students in various parts of Wisconsin for the loan of material from their collections. _Classification_ “In the first of these classes may be included implements answering the following description:—