Footnote 5: For further account of these implements, see the article by the writer in _American Naturalist_, vol. XV, p. 425. Footnote 6: See vol. I, Fig. 64 (p. 185), and plate XIV, Fig. 1. Footnote 7: Roland B. Dixon, _The Northern Maidu_ (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1905, vol. XVII, Fig. 5, p. 135). Footnote 8: See 17th _Annual Report_, Bureau of American Ethnology. Footnote 9: _Relation_, pp. 75, 78; New York, 1871. Footnote 10: “Some of the South American natives cut the lobes of their ears, and for a considerable time fastened small weights to them, in order to lengthen them; that others cut holes in their upper and under lips; through the cartilage of the nose, their chins and jaws, and either hung or thrust through them, such things as they most fancied, which also agrees with the ancient customs of our Northern Indians.” _History of the American Indians_, p. 213; London, 1775. Footnote 11: “En d’autres endroits de l’Amérique, quelques Nations se percent le nez, entre les deux narines, d’où ils font dépendre quelques joli vetez; ... et d’autres sur leurs lèvres pendantes et renversées, et tout cela pour contenter leurs yeux, et pour trouver le point de la beauté.” _Jesuit Relation_, 1658, p. 30. Footnote 12: “Leurs narines ne sont jamais percées, et il n’y a que parmi quelques Nations, qu’elles se percent les oreilles.” Charlevoix, VI, p. 43. As to the existence of these customs, cf. Lafitau, III, p. 53; Sagard, p. 135; Carver, p. 227; Loskiel, p. 49; Marquette, p. 48; Iberville, p. 72; in _Hist. Coll. Louisiana_, 1875; Adair, p. 171. Footnote 13: _Mémoire sur les Mœurs, Coustumes et Religion des Sauvages de l’Amérique Septentrionale_, p. 30; Leipzig et Paris, 1864. Footnote 14: Lafitau, III, p. 53; Adair, p. 171. Footnote 15: Compare _Jesuit Relations_, 1658, p. 30; Adair, p. 171; Carver, p. 277; Loskiel, _Indians of North America_, p. 49; Lafitau, III, p. 49; Bartram, p. 499. Footnote 16: Adair, _North American Indians_, p. 171; London, 1775. Footnote 17: Heckwelder, _Indian Nations_, p. 207; Philadelphia, 1876. Footnote 18: _Voyage des Hurons_, I, p. 135; Paris, 1865. Radisson, _Voyages_, in Prince Society Publications, pp. 146, 226. Footnote 19: Loskiel, p. 49; London, 1794. Footnote 20: Carver, _Travels_, p. 227; London, 1778. Footnote 21: Adair, p. 171. Among the articles traded to the Indians at different times, mention is made of nose crosses. Footnote 22: Lafitau, III, pp. 49, 53; Charlevoix, VI, p. 43; Sagard, p. 133. Footnote 23: Wood, _New England’s Prospect_, p. 74, Prince Society Publications; _Plaine Dealing, or Newes from New England_, in Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, p. 103; Father Rasle, in Kip, _Jesuit Missions_, p. 38. Footnote 24: