FIG. 703 _A_. (S. about 1–5.) Stone club from near Florence, Lane County, Oregon; found on a village-site about three miles from the Pacific Ocean. A duplicate club was found at the same place later. Collection of A. F. Barrott, Owego, New York. ] Fig. 704 _A_ illustrates four of the curious club-heads, or perforated stones, common in California and Arizona. Various theories have been advanced as to these; the most sensible of which appears to me to be the statement that they were made use of as weights, to facilitate the use of digging-tools or sticks. There is some reason for the acceptance of this theory, as the discs are found in regions where the raising of crops by means of irrigation was known to the natives. Fig. 705 is an illustration of a singular tool-handle, somewhat common near the Columbia River and farther north along the Pacific Coast. A fine one is in the possession of Dr. John Fargo of Los Angeles, California, and it is identical with this one. Slate was made use of by the New England Indians not only for arrow- and spear-points but knives as well. Fig. 707, reproduced from Dr. William Beauchamp’s article,[31] shows nine slate knives from sites along the Seneca and Oneida rivers and Oneida Lake, western New York. In Fig. 710 are figured two beautiful slate knives from the Peabody Museum collection, Salem, Massachusetts. I was very fortunate in procuring for examination the remarkable specimen shown in Fig. 711. It presents a woman’s knife of black slate in the original handle. When Mr. B. W. Arnold of Albany went north to Alaska some years ago, he found this knife in the hands of a woman who was using it in cutting open fish. He purchased it from her and placed it in his collection. It illustrates the method of mounting. [Illustration: FIG. 704. (S. about 1–3.) Three remarkable specimens from Oregon and Colorado. E. D. Zimmerman’s collection. ] The handle is crudely cut out of wood, and the only things modern about it are the strings which hold it in place, they being ordinary twine. [Illustration: FIG. 704 _A_. (S. 1–3.) Four curious club-heads or perforated stones, common in California. Beloit College collection. ] But perhaps as interesting as any other of the objects are the oval and flat stones with creases or depressions across them, which are supposed to be the result of straightening or reducing arrow-shafts, lance-handles, and other long, slender objects. All of those shown in Figs. 706, 708, and 709 exhibit differences. Those in Fig. 706, collected by Professor Montgomery, are neatly made and ornament-like in shape. Mr. Bardwell’s specimen, Fig. 708, is an ordinary bit of sandstone on which there are two deep grooves at right angles. We have a number of them in our Andover collection, and I have shown five in Fig. 709.