The stone age in North America, vol. 2 of 2Moorehead, Warren K. (Warren King)
History
The stone age in North America, vol. 2 of 2
Moorehead, Warren K. (Warren King)
Indians of North America -- Antiquities; Stone age -- North America
FIG. 572. (S. 1–2.) Copper ornament and discs from the Hopewell Group,
]
Ohio.
It is equally certain that other accounts refer to the native metal or
to objects fashioned therefrom.
[Illustration:
FIG. 573. (S. 7–8.) Copper axe, Harness Mound, Ohio. Professor Mills
states: “This axe was taken from a mound belonging to a group eight
miles south of Chillicothe. Both sides of the object are greatly
corroded and covered with a finely woven fabric. Beneath the fabric
there seems to have been the skin of some short-haired animal. The
axe was found near the left knee of an uncremated skeleton.”
]
Whether the working of the copper deposits or the fabrication of copper
implements in this section of the country, thought to have been begun at
least several centuries before, was discontinued before the coming of
the white man, or whether the industry was continued or at least to some
extent resumed by the descendants of the pre-Columbian miners and
artificers during and after his intrusion, is still in dispute. It is
doubtful whether this matter will ever be satisfactorily settled.
The accounts of the Jesuits, as given in the “Relations,” give the
impression that while the Wisconsin Indians of that period were
evidently familiar with the sources of the metal, they regarded it with
superstition and employed it only in a reverential way. Radisson,
however, found native copper ornaments in use among the Bœuf (or
Buffalo) band of Dakota, in Minnesota in 1661–62. Alexander Henry, as a
result of his visit to Lake Superior in a later day, stated that the
Indians there obtained copper for the manufacture of implements and
ornaments. In recent times, Indian agents testified to the use of copper
implements among the Wisconsin Winnebago and Chippewa. Native copper
implements have also occasionally been recovered from local mounds,
where they were found in association with metal kettles, glass beads,
and other articles of European manufacture.
[Illustration:
FIG. 574. (S. about 1–1.) From a mound on the banks of Black Snake
River, Utah. Milwaukee Public Museum collection.
]
The evidence of the mounds and of the earlier village-sites is to the
effect that before the coming of white man the use of copper had become
quite general among the Indian tribes of the upper Mississippi Valley.
[Illustration:
FIG. 575. (S. 1–4.) Copper spuds or axes. Collection of Logan Museum,
Beloit, Wisconsin.
]
[Illustration:
FIG. 576. (S. about 1–3.) Collection of S. D. Mitchell, Ripon,
Wisconsin.
]
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