§ IV. I need hardly give any perspective drawing of an arrangement which must be perfectly familiar to the reader, as occurring under nearly every column of the too numerous classical buildings all over Europe. But I may name the base of the Bank of England as furnishing a very simple instance of the group, with a square instead of a rounded hollow, both forming the base of the wall, and gathering into that of the shafts as they occur; while the bases of the pillars of the façade of the British Museum are as good examples as the reader can study on a larger scale. [Illustration: Plate X. PROFILES OF BASES.] § V. I believe this group of mouldings was first invented by the Greeks, and it has never been materially improved, as far as its peculiar purpose is concerned;[78] the classical attempts at its variation being the ugliest: one, the using a single roll of larger size, as may be seen in the Duke of York's column, which therefore looks as if it stood on a large sausage (the Monument has the same base, but more concealed by pedestal decoration): another, the using two rolls without the intermediate cavetto,--a condition hardly less awkward, and which may be studied to advantage in the wall and shaftbases of the Athenæum Club-house: and another, the introduction of what are called fillets between the rolls, as may be seen in the pillars of Hanover Chapel, Regent Street, which look, in consequence, as if they were standing upon a pile of pewter collection plates. But the only successful changes have been mediæval; and their nature will be at once understood by a glance at the varieties given on the opposite page. It will be well first to give the buildings in which they occur, in order. 1. Santa Fosca, Torcello. | 14. Ca' Giustiniani, Venice. 2. North transept, St. Mark's, | 15. Byzantine fragment, Venice. Venice. | 16. St. Mark's, upper Colonnade. 3. Nave, Torcello. | 17. Ducal Palace, Venice (windows.) 4. Nave, Torcello. | 18. Ca' Falier, Venice. 5. South transept, St. Mark's. | 19. St. Zeno, Verona. 6. Northern portico, upper shafts, | 20. San Stefano, Venice. St. Mark's. | 21. Ducal Palace, Venice (windows.) 7. Another of the same group. | 22. Nave, Salisbury. 8. Cortile of St. Ambrogio, Milan. | 23. Santa Fosca, Torcello. 9. Nave shafts, St. Michele, Pavia.| 24. Nave, Lyons Cathedral. 10. Outside wall base, St. Mark's, | 25. Notre Dame, Dijon. Venice. | 26. Nave, Bourges Cathedral. 11. Fondaco de' Turchi, Venice. | 27. Nave, Mortain (Normandy). 12. Nave, Vienne, France. | 28. Nave, Rouen Cathedral. 13. Fondaco de' Turchi, Venice. |