The Story of a Great Delusion in a Series of Matter-of-Fact ChaptersWhite, William
History
The Story of a Great Delusion in a Series of Matter-of-Fact Chapters
White, William
Vaccination
Arguing from the records (and we have nothing else to argue from)
it was not until about 1795 that Jenner turned his attention with
serious purpose to cowpox. This Baron allows, saying--
Many years elapsed before Jenner had an opportunity of completing
his projected experiments in Vaccination, and he encountered
numerous difficulties in carrying on the preliminary part of his
inquiry.[92]
But Baron fails to specify what were the projected experiments, or
the difficulties which hindered their performance. It is a common
nuisance in “sympathetic” biographies to have unlimited drafts made
upon one’s credulity. The evidence of example would go to prove
that Jenner placed his trust in swinepox rather than cowpox, at
least as late as 1789.
In April, 1795, a general inoculation took place at Berkeley on
Dimsdale’s plan; that is to say, all in the district who had not
had smallpox were inoculated with the disease, so that they might
sicken together and do no mischief. Among the Berkeleyans was one
Joseph Merret, who, 1770, had attended horses with greasy heels
and at the same time milked cows, and from the cows had contracted
cowpox. Jenner inoculated him repeatedly with smallpox on this
occasion, but with no effect; whence he concluded that the attack
of cowpox in 1770 had maintained Merret secure from smallpox for
five-and-twenty years.[93]
Jenner’s aim was now directed to demonstrate that the common faith
in cowpox as a defence against smallpox was well-founded; and to do
so it was necessary to clear away two objections--
FIRST, That some who had caught cowpox had subsequently suffered
smallpox.
To which he answered--
Various eruptions occur on the teats of cows, which are confounded
with cowpox, and infect the milkers; and these, I admit, do not
protect from smallpox.
In a letter to Edward Gardner in 1798 he remarked--
The _true_ has many imitations by the _false_ on the cow’s udder
and nipples; and all is called _cowpox_ whether on the cow or
communicated to the human.[94]
SECOND, That some who had contracted true cowpox had nevertheless
fallen victims to smallpox.
To which he answered--
Admitted: but then the milker had not received infection from the
cow at the proper time, but at a stage of the eruption too early or
too late.
If the reader will set these points clearly before him, he will
have the measure of Jenner’s claim. It was a claim to define the
truth there was in a popular belief--not to make an independent
discovery.
Jenner at this juncture had staked his hope on the identification
of horsegrease with cowpox. Yet even in this identification he does
not seem to have been original.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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