1813. =G. Verdi= (Roncole), 1813-1901. The well-known Italian opera composer, who in 1873 published a quartett for strings, his only instrumental chamber music work. 1815. =Stephen Heller= (Paris), 1815-88. A composer (chiefly for the piano) whose works, although written in the smaller forms, rise above most of his contemporaries in character, and especially in poetic expression. He, with the violinist Ernst, published some interesting piano and violin pieces. 1815. =F. Robert Volkmann= (Lommatzsch), 1815-83. Eminent modern composer, who wrote many chamber music works of interest. 1815. =E.C. Sivori= (Genoa),—1815-94. Famous violinist and quartett leader. 1816. =Sir W. Sterndale Bennett= (Sheffield), 1816-75. Distinguished English composer, especially for piano. His trio op. 26 is a charming chamber music work. 1817. =Niels W. Gade= (Copenhagen), 1817-90. Danish composer. Amongst his chamber music, a piano trio in F and the violin and piano sonatas are noteworthy. 1817. =M. Gustav Nottebohm= (Lüdenschied), 1817-82. A well-known German writer on music, especially on Beethoven, whose interesting sketch books he published. 1817. =Alex. W. Thayer= (South Natick, U.S.A.), 1817-97. An American writer who devoted much of his life to a biography of Beethoven, which has, however, only as yet in part been issued in German. 1818. =Antonio Bazzini= (Brescia), 1818-97. Italian violinist and composer of chamber music. His string quartetts and a quintett are much esteemed. 1819. =W. Sharfenberg= (Kassel), 1819-95. German violinist and pianist, who resided chiefly in New York, U.S.A. He at one time played second violin in Spohr’s string quartett. 1819. =Sir Charles Hallé= (Hagen), 1819-95. Distinguished pianist and conductor, who resided chiefly in Manchester, and did much for chamber music in the country of his adoption. 1820. =C. Gurlitt= (Altona), 1820-1901. A composer of sincere and pleasing, if not profound, chamber music. He also wrote much piano music for young people and children. 1820. =Jules Armingaud= (Paris), born 1820. Leader of a famous string quartett. He is said to have introduced Beethoven’s quartetts to Paris. 1821. =Friedrich Kiel= (Berlin), 1821-85. Important modern composer, who wrote a considerable amount of chamber music. 1822. =Alfred Piatti= (Bergamo), 1822-1901. Celebrated violoncellist, which instrument he played for many years at the leading chamber music concerts in London, where he resided. 1822. =J. Joachim Raff= (Lachen), 1822-82. A versatile and highly-gifted composer, many of whose chamber music works are of great interest. A Piano Trio in C minor, op. 102, may be specially mentioned.