Photographic roll films--Melhuish, England, 1854. Dry-plate photography--Dr. J. M. Taupenot, 1855. Photographic emulsion, bromide of silver in gelatine, basis of present rapid photography--R. L. Maddox, England, 1871. Hand photographic camera for plates--William Schmid, United States, 1881. Printing First printing with movable types in Europe and first printing-press--Guttenberg, Germany, about 1445. Screw printing-press--Blaew, Germany, 1620. First newspaper of importance--_London Weekly Courant_, 1625. Stereotyping, making plates from casts of the type after it is set up--William Ged, Scotland, 1731. First practical steam rotary printing-press, paper printed on both sides, 1800 impressions per hour--Frederick Koenig, Germany, 1814. Printing from curved stereotype plates--H. Cowper, England, 1815. Hoe's lightning press, 2000 impressions per hour--R. Hoe, United States, 1847. Printing from a continuous web, paper wound in rolls, both sides printed at once--William Bullock, United States, 1865. "Straightline newspaper perfecting" press, prints 100,000 eight-page papers per hour--Goss Company, United States. Linotype machine. The operator uses a keyboard like that of a typewriter. The machine sets the matrices which correspond to the type, casts the type in lines from molten metal, delivers the lines of type on a galley, and returns the matrices to their appropriate tubes. It does the work of five men setting type in the ordinary way--Othmar Mergenthaler, United States, 1890. Steam Navigation First steamboat in the world--Papin, River Fulda, Germany, 1705. First steamboat in America--John Fitch, Delaware River, 1783. First passenger steamboat in the world, the _Clermont_--Robert Fulton, Hudson River, 1807. First steamer to cross the Atlantic, the _Savannah_, built at New York--First voyage across the Atlantic, 1819. The screw propeller first used on a steamboat--John Ericsson, United States, about 1836. Compound engines adopted for steamers--1856. First turbine-steamer, the _Turbinia_--Parsons, 1895. First mercantile steam-turbine ship, the _King Edward_--Denny and Brothers, England, 1901. Steam Used for Power and Land Transportation First steam-engine with a piston--Denys Papin, France, 1690. First practical application of the power of steam, pumping water--Thomas Savery, England, 1698. Double-acting steam-engine and condenser--James Watt, Scotland, 1782. Steam-locomotive first used to haul loads on a railroad--Richard Trevethick, England, 1804. First passenger steam railway, the "Stockton & Darlington"--George Stephenson, England, 1825. First steam-locomotive in the United States, the "Stourbridge Lion"--1829.