And his hard work and perseverance were rewarded, for Demosthenes became what he most desired to be, the greatest orator of Athens. His enemies learned to fear his speeches, his friends to count upon them to aid their cause. Demosthenes was thirty-three years of age when he made his first speech against Philip of Macedon, who now, in 356 B.C., invaded Greece. The king would gladly have made an alliance with the Athenians and gained their goodwill. But they, wishing to recover Amphipolis, which he had taken from them, refused to make peace. Demosthenes lost no opportunity to speak against Philip. He reminded his countrymen that the king was ‘not the man to rest’ content with that he has subdued, but is always adding to his conquests, and casts his snare around us while we sit at home postponing.’ In another speech he told the Athenians that they chose their captains, ‘not to fight, but to be displayed like dolls in the market-place.’ These and other speeches against the king of Macedon were called ‘The Philippics’ of Demosthenes, and still to-day, if some one makes a speech against a special person, although his name is not Philip, we call the speech a ‘Philippic.’ CHAPTER XC THE SACRED WAR Philip of Macedon began to reign in 359 B.C. When he was sixteen years of age he was taken by Pelopidas as a hostage to Thebes. Here he stayed for three years, reading Greek literature and learning to love it, studying Greek art and learning to admire it. The craft of war he gained from the great Theban general Epaminondas. When Philip went back to Macedon as king, he trained his army in the movements he had first seen used by the Theban troops under their famous general. At this time a war called the Sacred War was going on in Greece. Delphi, where the temple of Apollo stood, had been seized by the Phocians, who were led by a bold commander named Philomelus. The home of the Phocians was near Mount Parnassus. In the temple vast treasures had been stored; these, said Philomelus, should be safe as of old. But when he fortified the city and brought a large army of soldiers to guard it, the other Greek states said it was time to interfere--that Delphi must be taken from the Phocians. Philomelus at once resolved to increase his army, but he had no money to pay more soldiers. The Phocians had already spent all that they possessed on the war, and the citizens of Delphi had been so heavily taxed that they could give no more. Money Philomelus must have! So he began to borrow from the treasures of the temple, which he had promised should be untouched. As the war went on he took more gold, more of the sacred treasures, none of which he was able to replace.