Asia, the Moslem problem in, 175 Asia Minor, conquered in the eleventh century, 99; peasantry ruined, 120; under Moslem dominion, 160 Aurungzeb in India, 157 Awakening of the East, 153, 154, 196-8 Ayesha, betrothed to Mohammed, 59; established at Medina, 68; at Mohammed's death, 90 Azhar, Al, Moslem University in Cairo, 174, 175 B Badr, on caravan route, 80; battle of, 80-4, 100, 205 Baghdad, seat of the Caliphs, 111, 205; home of learning, 111, 112, 117; palace described, 113; life of Caliphs in, 111, 116, 117 Balkans, Islam in, 99 Baluchistan, a Moslem state, 158 Bedouin, desert life, 3, 5, 64 Bible, unknown to Mohammed, 9; translated into Arabic and Hindustani, 172, 176; read by Imad-ud-Din, 180 Bilâl the first muezzin, 69; calls from the Kaaba, 86 Bishop Tugwell, in West Africa, 171, 205 Black Stone, described, 11; brought by Gabriel, 11; re-laid under Mohammed's direction, 26-9; revered to-day, 154 Blood Feuds in Arabia, 13, 15, 16 Bokhara, struggles against Islam, 110; a Moslem stronghold, 158 Bosworth Smith, quoted, 120, 121 Bugia, place of Raymund Lull's death, 146 Buhaira, a Christian monk, 8 Byzantium (see also _Constantinople_), besieged by Moslem armies, 31; opposed to science, 112 C Caliph, Abu Bakr, the first, 40, 100, 205; Omar, the second, 100, 205; at Damascus, 111; at Baghdad, 111, 112; life described, 111-13; Abdalrahman quoted, 117; date of, 205 Caravan, Mohammed joins, 7; Mohammed conducts for Khadîjah, 22, 23; attacked by Moslems, 74-6; at gorge of Nakhla, 76-8; at Badr, 79 Carthage conquered, 109 Central Asia, Moslems in, 119, 154, 158, 205 Challenge of Islam, 134, 140, 192 Character of Mohammed, developed by desert life, 6; not courageous, 16; as a citizen, 17, 18, 31; in face of opposition, 47, 48; lack of foresight, 66; stolid patience, 68; as a conqueror, 82-6 Characteristics of Mohammed, meditation, 3, 6, 34; personal appearance, 16, 17; appearance during visitations, 41, 42; mannerisms, 48, 49; in his last days, 89, 90 Charles Martel repulses Saracens, 105, 205 China, Islam reaches in eleventh century, 99, 205; Moslems in, 156 Christ, teaching of, compared with that of Mohammed, 136-40 Christendom finds new centres, 109 Christian churches conquered by Moslems, in Syria, 87, 109, 140, 205; in North Africa, 109; in Mesopotamia, 109; in Egypt, 109, 205; in Spain, 109; in Constantinople, 109, 205; in Bokhara, 109, 158; threatened by Moslems in Livingstonia, 100, 170; in Nyassaland, 100, 170; in Uganda, 100, 170 Christians, seem to Mohammed men of learning, 7, 8; teaching of, in Mohammed's day, 9, 10 Church Missionary Society, in Uganda, 170; in Hausaland, 171-4 Commission of the Christian Church, 194 Constantinople (see also under _Byzantium_) conquered by Moslem Turks, 109, 205; under Moslem rule, 120, 121; political centre of Islam, 159, 160 Converts to Islam, Khadîjah, 37; Abu Bakr, 40; Zaid, 40; Ali, 51-2; Omar, 52-4; Abdallah, 76