Guptill, A. B. _Practical Guide to Yellowstone National Park._ St. Paul: F. Jay Haynes and Bro., 1890. Hafen, LeRoy, and Rister, Carl C. _Western America._ New York: Prentice-Hall, 1941. Haupt, Herman. _The Yellowstone National Park._ St. Paul: J. M. Stoddart, 1883. Haynes, Jack Ellis. _Haynes Guide._ St. Paul: Haynes, Inc., 1943. Hockett, Homer Co. _Political and Social Growth of the United States 1492-1852._ New York: The Macmillan Co., 1933. Irving, Washington. _Astoria._ New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. Kipling, Rudyard. _American Notes._ Issued in several editions. One chapter contains an account of a trip through Yellowstone in 1889. Nevins, Allen. _Frémont: Pathmaker of the West._ New York: D. Appleton Century Co., 1939. Paxson, Frederick L. _The Last American Frontier._ New York: Macmillan Co., 1922. Sanders, Helen F. _History of Montana._ Chicago: The Lewis Publishing Co., 1913. Walgamott, C. S. _Six Decades Back._ Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers, 1936. Yellowstone Park Scrap Books I, II, III. Park Library, Mammoth, Wyoming. FOOTNOTES [1]The forests are composed principally of conifers. Of these the lodgepole pine predominates. It has a shallow root system, and as a result the area is conspicuous by the amount of fallen timber. [2]A frontiersman’s characterization of the climate in the Park. The statement is usually attributed to James Stuart. [3]John E. Rees, _Idaho Chronology, Nomenclature, Bibliography_ (Portland, Oregon: Ivey Press, 1917), p. 61. [4]Teton and Snowy ranges, although partly integrated with Yellowstone, actually lie beyond the south and north borders respectively. [5]The plateaus are Buffalo, Mirror, Two Ocean, Pitchstone, Madison, and Central. The ranges are Gallatin, Washburn, and Absaroka. The ridges include the Big Game, Chicken, Speciman, and Crowfoot. The Red Mountains form a unit by themselves in the south-central area. [6]These are Electric, Pollux, Atkins, and Eagle peaks, and Schurz and Humphreys mountains. [7]Warm River originates west of the Park, but Firehole is the best example of a really warm river. It does not freeze over in temperatures 50° below zero. There are literally thousands of hot springs in Yellowstone. Dr. A. C. Peale estimated three thousand, while Dr. Arnold Hague said the number probably exceeded twenty-five hundred. [8]Reference to this stream is made again in relation to the “Overland Astorians” in Chapter II. See also, Dee Linford’s “Wyoming Stream Names,” _Annals of Wyoming_, XV, 2 (April, 1943), 165-70. [9]These sources are the Firehole and Gibbon, respectively. [10]This is the lowest temperature ever recorded on an official United States Weather Bureau thermometer in Continental United States. [11]John E. Rees, _op. cit._, p. 61.