An interesting experiment, contrary to this principle, was an attempt in 1906 to raise twelve Sequoia _gigantea_ trees near the arch at Gardiner entrance. All of the trees died. [338]James Bryce, “National Parks the Need of the Future,” _The Outlook_, CII (December 14, 1912), 811. [339]_Reports of the Secretary of the Interior 1918_, pp. 813-4. [340]_Ibid._ [341]Ray S. Baker, “A Place of Marvels,” _The Century Magazine_, LXVI (August, 1903), 487. [342]F. A. Boutelle, _Report of the Acting Superintendent 1889_ (Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1890), p. 148. [343]_Report of the Secretary of the Interior 1937_, p. 49. [344]Short terms of service were also held by Dr. Frank E. Thone, 1923, and Alfred H. Povah, 1931. [345]Editorial, “The Ranger Naturalist,” _Nature Magazine_, XVII (April, 1931), 219. [346]Exhibits were established at Rhyo-Travertine Gulch, Swan Lake Flat, Beaver Dams, Nymph Lake, Tuff Cliff, and Firehole Canyon. [347]_Report of the Secretary of the Interior 1938_, p. 13. [348]_Ibid._, 1918, pp. 844-5. [349]George O. Smith, “The Nation’s Playgrounds,” _Review of Reviews_, XL (July, 1909), 44. [350]Dwight L. Elmendorf, _The Mentor_, II (May 15, 1915), 13. [351]Earl of Dunraven, _The Great Divide_ (London, 1876), p. XI. The Scottish Earl of Dunraven visited the Park in 1874. A peak and a pass commemorate his interest and service in informing Europeans about Yellowstone. [352]The date of this communication was December 20, 1810. [353]Colter’s first sheet is readily identifiable, and part of another sheet may be segregated with the use of imagination and understanding. [354]Many writers have failed to identify Gap and Sage as the same creek. They also befuddle Wind and Shoshone rivers. There is no evidence that Colter ever heard the name of Bighorn River. [355]The figure eight results from the fact that he went to the Yep-pe camp, left it, came back, and left it again at the appropriate angles. [356]The curious errors of the map are explained in Chapter II. [357]Lewis evidently complained to Biddle about the variations in sheets because Clark stated in a letter to Biddle that these sheets were all of the same scale. See Stallo Vinton, _John Colter_, p. 47. [358]This claim will be developed subsequently. [359]John D. Hicks, _The Federal Union_ (New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1937), p. 282. [360]The position of Henrys River, with reference to the Snake River drainage, is almost wholly erroneous as shown on the Map of 1814. Wisers River is fictitious. The true and original Weiser River lies three hundred miles west. [361]This hypothesis is based upon the findings of J. Neilson Barry of Portland, Oregon. Mr. Barry is a profound student of Western history and cartography. He has devoted years of intensive research in correlating journals and geography.