_Kitai-Gorod._ In the Varvarka: St Barb, St George the Martyr, St Maxim the Confessor, and the Monastery of the Resurrection. In the Ilyinka: St Nicholas of the Great Cross, St Elias. Also the Holy Trinity in the Cherkassky, St Anne in the Zariadi, and of the Virgin of Georgia, but St Ipatius is in the Ipatievski, and St Nicholas near the Moskvretski Bridge. _Bielo-Gorod._ The Srietenka, built by John Taylor; All Saints, the Transfiguration, and the Manifestation. CHAPTER X _Moscow of the Citizens_ "Fair Moscow crowned: now towering high And, seated on her throne of hills, A glorious pile from days gone by." DMITRIEV. Peter "The Great" who is credited with having created the history of Russia did little for Moscow, a town he, after his travels abroad, always despised and constantly distrusted. He evicted the last private owners from the Kremlin, and spoiled its palaces and treasures, but took no measures to enhance its beauty or increase its wealth. It is customary to date progress and civilisation from his reign; an anonymous Russian poet has even written: "Russia and Russia's strength lay hid in dreary night; God said 'Let Peter be'--straightway they burst to light," but, so far as Moscow is concerned, his coming would be more truthfully regarded as of the nature of an eclipse than as the harbinger of light. Probably his reputation is due to the prominence of his person in western Europe--where it is customary to mistake renown for greatness--rather than his achievements. Peter forsook Moscow, left her to the Church, which he served badly--and to her citizens, whom he treated even worse. Benevolence was foreign to his character; he could not mould Moscow to his ideal--if a passing whim can be so termed--but before he realised his impotence in this, he became brutal and fierce. He quarrelled with the Church, cruelly ill used his wife--whom he forsook eventually, shamefully treated his blood-relations--even torturing his half-sisters himself, and was to his subjects such a father as he proved to his own unfortunate son Alexis, who was done to death at his hands; in all these things behaving so savagely that even the strongest were awed into hypocrisy. The citizens of Moscow considered themselves the children of the Father of the people--the Tsar who lived in the Kremlin--who cared for them and never ceased to be anxious for their welfare. He alone was responsible for their direction, with him was the Church, they knew not how to act independently. The streltsi, the fighting men, the armed citizens, were first of the Moscow townsmen to act of their own initiative, but they were disciplined men who trusted their leaders--even when betrayed.