There is little to note of Prague in the following years; it was not the
scene of warlike events, and the former municipal struggles ceased under
a severely absolutist Government.
Prague is now an Austrian provincial town, though Bohemia has always
officially been described as a kingdom, not as a province.
It was only during the Austrian War of Succession (1741-1748) that the
annals of Prague again became of some interest. The male line of the
house of Habsburg became extinct after the death of Charles VI., and a
European coalition was formed for the purpose of excluding his daughter
Maria Theresa from the throne. The Elector of Bavaria, who claimed the
Bohemian crown, entered the country with an army of Frenchmen and
Bavarians, while a Saxon army also invaded Bohemia. These armies met
before Prague, and carried the town by assault on November 26, 1741. The
Elector of Bavaria immediately assumed the title of King of Bohemia, and
was crowned in St. Vitus's Cathedral by the Archbishop of Prague.
More than 400 knights and nobles did homage to the new King, and a
German writer has noted, somewhat maliciously, that among them were
representatives of many of the old Bohemian families, such as Cernin,
Kolowrat, Kinsky, Lützow, Lazansky, Waldstein and many others.
The Elector left Bohemia immediately after his coronation, but a French
army under Marshal Belleisle remained at Prague. The town was now
besieged by the Austrian forces, and the French, after a brave defence,
succeeded in evacuating the town and retreating safely to Eger, where
they joined another French army that had been sent to their relief.
Prague was now occupied by the troops of Maria Theresa, who was crowned
there in 1743.
An event of great importance in the municipal annals of Prague took
place during the reign of Maria Theresa. The communities of the old
town, the new town and the 'small quarter' were united into one
municipal corporation. This change had not, of course, the importance
which it would have had in earlier and freer days; for the burgomaster
was then a Government official, appointed by the authorities of Vienna.
It is only since 1848 that the citizens of Prague have recovered the
right of electing the head of their community.
The first years of the reign of Maria Theresa were very stormy ones for
Prague.
[Illustration: SECRET SEAL OF THE MALÁ STRANA]
In 1744 Frederick the Great entered Bohemia, and stormed Prague on
September 12, after a terrible bombardment, during which 150 houses in
the new town and a large part of the city walls were destroyed.
Frederick did not remain long at Prague; the arrival of a large Austrian
army under Charles of Lorraine obliged him to retire into Silesia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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