There was much suppressed dissatisfaction among the nobles, and many
plots were hatched against him. In the year of his coronation, a fire
swept wooden Moscow, and about 1,700 people perished in the flames.
Ivan ordered an investigation, and withdrew to Vorobief. Crowds
gathered in the thoroughfares, when mysterious persons appeared among
them declaring that the Glinskis had set the city on fire. Soon after
shouts were heard, "It is the Princess Anne Glinski who, with her two
sons, has bewitched the city; she has taken human hearts, plunged them
in water, and with this water has sprinkled the houses. This is the
cause of the destruction of Moscow!" A mob collected and made for the
palace of the Glinskis and one of them, George, was stabbed. They went
on to Vorobief, where they demanded the life of Ivan's uncle. The
czar's own life was in danger and the mob had to be dispersed by
force.
Ivan did not forget this, and terrible was his vengeance upon the (p. 115)
boyards. At this time he gave his confidence to two men, one a priest
named Silvester, who had the reputation of being a very honest man;
the other, a member of the smaller nobility, named Adachef who, in
1551, as Minister of the Interior, gave to Russian cities the first
municipal liberties. Ivan showed an unusual interest in the people; it
was under his orders that a new code of laws (Soudebnik) was prepared,
and many reforms were made in the Church.
This rather increased than diminished the hostility of the nobles.
Ivan's favorites, Silvester and Adachef had grown ambitious and the
former especially was overbearing. He openly opposed the czar, and
tried to sow discord between him and his wife. When Ivan's favorite
son died, Silvester told him that it was a punishment from heaven for
his disobedience. The two men tried to procure the dismissal of the
Glinskis and Romanofs, and for that purpose made friends with the
boyards whom Ivan suspected. In 1553, the czar fell dangerously ill;
he called in the boyards and ordered them to swear loyalty to his
infant son Dmitri. They refused. He was informed that the nobles were
conspiring with his cousin Vladimir, whose mother was distributing
money in the army. He was in terror for the lives of his wife and son.
Once he said to the boyards who had remained faithful, "Do not, I pray
you, forget that you have sworn an oath to my son and to me; do not
let him fall into the hands of the boyards; fly with him to some
foreign country, whithersoever God may guide you." Ivan recovered but
he never could forget the anguish of those days.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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