The Story of Siena and San GimignanoGardner, Edmund G.
History
The Story of Siena and San Gimignano
Gardner, Edmund G.
Art -- Italy -- Siena; San Gimignano (Italy) -- History; Siena (Italy) -- History
present constructed, on our right. On the left is the huge unfinished
façade of the abandoned Duomo of Pietro di Lando and Giovanni di
Agostino, with what would have been the principal entrance from the Via
di Città. The tricuspidate façade of the present cathedral, in black,
white and red marble, covered with statuary, was mainly constructed in
the last two decades of the thirteenth century under the superintendence
of Giovanni di Niccolò Pisano; but all the chief sculptors of the
Sienese school have worked upon it, down to the latter part of the
fifteenth century. The majority of the statues that we now see are
modern copies of the originals, and almost the whole has been completely
restored. The mosaics in the _cuspidi_ are modern Venetian work, from
the designs of Mussini and Franchi. Upon the platform is represented in
_graffito_ the Parable of the Publican and the Pharisee; similarly, at
the three doors, are three scenes from the administration of Holy
Orders. These were originally executed in the sixteenth century, but
have been restored and altered. Before entering the sacred building, the
tablet should be noticed, set into the wall of the Vescovado, the
Archbishop's palace on the left: "Hoc est sepulcrum magistri Ioannis
quondam magistri Nicolai et de eius eredibus." It is the tombstone of
Giovanni Pisano himself, who was buried in the cloister of the Canons,
between the Duomo and the Vescovado.
The peculiar beauty of the interior of the Duomo is due to the fact that
we have Gothic architecture, combined with decoration that is almost
entirely in the style and taste of the fifteenth century. Gothic
austerity is tempered here with the grace and fascination of the early
Renaissance. The terra-cotta busts of the Popes in the cornice along the
nave and choir belong to the close of the fifteenth and the beginning of
the sixteenth centuries. They make a strangely impressive series, these
crowned Vicars of Christ, who Himself is seen in the midst of them,
immediately under the eastern window. They stretch from Peter in a
continuous chronological line round the church, to Lucius III., who sat
on the Throne of the Fisherman from 1181 to 1185, succeeding to
Alexander III., when our Henry II. reigned in England. They are solemn
and dignified--the ideal Pontiffs of the closing chapter of Dante's _De
Monarchia_, "who in accordance with things revealed should lead the
human race to eternal life." But there is naturally no attempt or
thought of portraiture: some of Hildebrand's infamous predecessors are
conceived and represented in the same spirit as he who said: "I have
loved justice and hated iniquity: therefore, I die in exile." Below them
are similar busts of Roman Emperors, the supreme temporal rulers of the
world in Dante's dual scheme, "who in accordance with the teachings of
philosophy should direct the human race to temporal felicity."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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