Fort Duchesne, a second time threatened, was abandoned by the French,
and in 1759 Wolfe led the expedition against Quebec, where he met
a glorious death during its capture. The regiments present were
the 15th, 28th, 35th, 43rd, 47th, 48th, 60th, the _old_ 78th, or
Fraser Highlanders, which was disbanded in 1763; while the grenadier
companies of the regiments, with those of the 22nd, 40th, and 45th
(at Louisburg), and also the light infantry companies, were formed
into separate corps as usual. The fortress was far too strong to be
assaulted frontally, with a wide river covering it, and to pass that
at any time in boats was a risky and difficult operation. But the
rear of the town was but weakly defended, and faced an open plain,
which was regarded as practically unassailable, owing to the steep
and almost precipitous nature of the approaches to it. It was due,
it is said, to a Scottish officer called Macculloch that the design
to attack on this side was formed; and it was executed with much
difficulty, though with the greatest good fortune, as the river bank
was guarded by sentries. But these were evaded, and when Wolfe landed,
the obstacles to the advance even there were such that Wolfe exclaimed
to one of the Highland officers, “I do not believe, sir, there is any
possibility of getting up, but you must now do your best.” And they
did so. Slinging their muskets the Frasers gained the summit by sheer
hard climbing, and, driving back a piquet, seized a path by which the
other troops mounted; so that when the sun rose, it shone on Wolfe’s
line of regiments in contiguous columns advancing against Quebec.
Montcalm moved out resolutely to meet the threatening danger. But the
battle was soon over. The Frasers charged, Highland fashion, with
dirk and claymore; and Wolfe and Montcalm were both mortally wounded.
Wolfe lived long enough to hear the shouts of victory; Montcalm died
before the actual capitulation of Quebec; and Lieutenant Macculloch
died a pauper in Marylebone Workhouse thirty-four years later. This
capture of Quebec practically meant the conquest of Canada, which, with
Newfoundland, etc., was ceded to Great Britain; and though there were
troubles on the Pennsylvanian frontier, to suppress which a regiment of
Highlanders was despatched, nothing of real importance occurred till
the revolt of the American Colonies in 1774.
More stress is laid on this portion of the army’s story, because the
war was between sections of the same race, and because much came of it.
Great Britain commenced the American contest that at first seemed so
unequal, under some disadvantages, none the less. The result of a long
period of military inactivity was, as it always has been and will be,
most materially felt. There were few old, or at least veteran, soldiers
in the ranks who had been under fire, and the younger officers were
equally inexperienced. This was natural to expect after
“The cankers of a calm world and a long peace,”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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