In March, 1813, Nathaniel Rochester and other gentlemen were given permission to form a turnpike company for a road from Canandaigua to the falls of the Genesee River. As this was not a thickly settled region the table of tolls is a simple one without elaborate specifications as to the kinds of carriages and with only two toll-gates, but as part of our historic road it is of special interest. _Table of Tolls of Rochester Turnpike Company, March 31, 1813_ CENTS For every cart, wagon, or other wheeled carriage, drawn by 2 horses, mules, or oxen 12-1/2 And for each additional horse, mule, or ox 6 For every cart, wagon, or other two-wheeled carriage drawn by 1 horse or mule 9 For every horse rode, led, or driven 6 For every four-wheeled pleasure carriage or wagon drawn by 2 horses 25 And for each additional horse 6 For every sleigh or sled drawn by 1 horse, mule, or ox 6 And for every additional horse, mule, or ox 6 For every score of horses, mules, or cattle 20 And in like proportion for a greater or less number For every score of sheep or hogs 8 And in like proportion for a greater or less number In the next chapter the experiences of two travellers are given, the first in 1796, the second in 1811. The two accounts of their journeys show the wonderful transformation wrought along the line of this highway in fifteen years. By the end of the first decade of the nineteenth century New York State had one hundred and thirty-one turnpikes, and our second traveller was constantly hearing discussion of a new project to which the enterprising leaders of the state were turning their attention. For purposes of trade the new land route had never supplanted the old waterways. With the rapid occupation of the region of the Great Lakes this trade was increasing at a surprising rate, and much of it was being diverted to the English merchants of the St. Lawrence River, because of the greater facility of the route to Montreal over that to New York. It cost only a dollar and a half to send a barrel of flour from Cayuga in western New York to Montreal, while it took at least two dollars and a half to get the same barrel from Cayuga only as far as Albany. If this were true of western New York, it was even more true of the southern shores of the Great Lakes.