Congress was reluctant to begin war and kept Wayne waiting all through
the summer of 1793, while it made fruitless negotiations with the
Indians. The tribes finally demanded that the Ohio River should be the
boundary of American advance, and to this the government could not
agree. In October Wayne was given permission to open his campaign, but
with cautions that on no account was he to run any risks of defeat.
He moved his men from Fort Washington to a point eighty miles north,
which he fortified as a winter camp and named Greenville in honor of
his former comrade at arms, Captain Nathanael Greene. Here he spent
the winter, sending a large detachment of his men north to build on
St. Clair’s fatal battle-ground a fort which was prophetically named
Fort Recovery. Several skirmishes with the Indians took place at
Greenville during the winter, and in the early summer a large war-party
made an unsuccessful attack on Fort Recovery. On the 27th of July,
1794, General Wayne started with his “legion” of troops, more than two
thousand men, for the Miami towns of northern Ohio.
The march of the American army was watched with wonder and admiration
by the Indians, who reported to the British that the soldiers went
twice as far in a day as St. Clair’s had done, that Wayne kept scouts
out in every direction, and that he was always ready for attack and
guarded carefully against ambush by day or surprise by night. At the
junction of the Maumee and Auglaize rivers, where the line of hostile
Indian villages began, Wayne built a strong log stockade which he
christened with the characteristic name of Fort Defiance, a name
perpetuated to this day. Warned of his approach, the Indians had fled,
leaving their homes and their rich fields of corn and vegetables, in
which the soldiers revelled after their hard march and short rations.
From Fort Defiance Wayne sent a final offer of peace to the Indians,
declaring that he would restore to them their lands and villages and
preserve their women and children from famine should they agree to
a lasting peace. The Indians returned an evasive answer, and Wayne
advanced against them. From scouts he learned that the natives were
encamped near the British fort on the Maumee River a few miles west of
the present city of Toledo. There were between fifteen hundred and
two thousand warriors in all, with seventy rangers from Detroit,--the
latter company being made up of French, English, and other refugees.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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