Three days later the _Bulwark_, a British battleship of 15,000 tons and carrying a crew of 750 officers and men, was blown up in the Thames while at anchor at Sheerness. It was never discovered whether she was a victim of a torpedo, a mine, or an internal explosion. It is possible that a spy had placed a heavy charge of explosives within her hull. Only fourteen men of her entire complement survived the disaster. It was in November, 1914, also, that the sometime German cruisers _Goeben_ and _Breslau_, now flying the Turkish flag, became active again. As units in a Turkish fleet they bombarded unfortified ports on the Black Sea on the first day of the month. Retaliation for this was made by the Allies two days later when a combined fleet of French and English battleships bombarded the Dardanelles forts, inflicting a certain amount of damage. On the 18th of November, 1914, the _Goeben_ and _Breslau_ engaged a Russian fleet off Sebastopol. The composition of this Russian fleet was never made public by the Russian admiralty, but it is known that the Russian battleship _Evstafi_ was the flagship. She came up on the starboard side of the two German ships and opened fire on the nearer, the _Goeben_, at a distance of 8,000 yards. The latter, hit by the Russian 12-inch guns was at first unable to reply because the first shots set her afire in several places, but she finally let go with her own guns and after a fourteen-minute engagement she sailed off into a fog. Her sister ship the _Breslau_ took no part in the exchange of shots, and also made off. The damage done to the _Goeben_ was not enough to put her out of commission; the _Evstafi_ suffered slight damage and had twenty-four of her crew killed. While the daring exploits of German submarines were winning the admiration of the entire world for their operations in the northern naval theatre of war, the British submarine commander, Holbrook, with the _B-ll_ upheld the prestige of this sort of craft in the British navy. He entered the waters of the Dardanelles on the 13th of December, 1914, and submerging, traveled safely through five lines of Turkish mines and sent a torpedo against the hull of the Turkish battleship _Messudiyeh_. The _B-ll_ slowly came to the surface to see what had been the result of her exploit, and her commander, through the periscope saw her going down by the stern. It was claimed later by the British that she had sunk, a claim which was officially denied by the Turks. Her loss to Turkey, if it did occur, was not serious, for she was too old to move about, and her only service was to guard the mine fields. The _B-ll_ after being pursued by destroyers again submerged for nine hours and came successfully from the scene of the exploit. * * * * * CHAPTER XXXVIII WAR ON GERMAN TRADE AND POSSESSIONS