An Austrian telephone station in a bombproof shelter. Efficient telephone service is a most important detail in conducting a campaign] [Illustration: The triumphal entry of the Austrian uhlans and artillery into Przemysl. Their horses are decorated with sprays of leaves] [Illustration: A bridge on the Kalesch-Warsaw line blown up by the Russians in their retreat toward Warsaw. At the left is the pontoon bridge built by the Germans] [Illustration: German artillerymen at Grodno, Russia, digging out a carefully concealed Japanese gun, together with other supplies of Japanese ammunition] [Illustration: In the foreground is a temporary bridge across the Drina, while on the west bank there is a long row of gun positions and of dugout shelters] [Illustration: These two Americans, Dr. Richard P. Strong (left) and Dr. Edward Ryan, aided in stamping out the plague of typhus in Serbia] [Illustration: Serbians who died from typhus. American doctors and nurses aided in stamping out this dreaded disease, which followed the horrors of invasion in Serbia] [Illustration: The effect of Teuton shells on the forts of Przemysl, Galicia. This fortress fell to the Russians after a long siege, but was recaptured by Teuton troops] On the 8th of March, 1915, General von Gallwitz again tried an offensive with fresh forces which he had gathered. It was thwarted, however, on the 12th, to the north of Przasnysz. The Germans estimated the Russian forces which here were brought up for the counterattack at some ten army corps and seven cavalry divisions. The Russians in advancing this time, instead of directing their thrust at Mlawa, pushed northeastward of Przasnysz along the rivers Orczy and Omulew. In this sector the Germans counted from the 13th to the 23d of March forty-six serious assaults, twenty-five in the daytime and twenty-one at night. With special fury the battles raged in the neighborhood of Jednorozez. This attempt to break into Prussia was also unsuccessful, and in the last week of March the Russian attacks slackened, quiet ensuing for the weeks following Easter. For six weeks the armies had struggled back and forth in this bloody angle, fighting in cold and wet, amid snow and icy rains. The Germans asserted that in these six weeks the troops of General von Gallwitz had captured 43,000 Russians and slain some 25,000. They estimated the total losses of the enemy in this sector during the period at 100,000. Countless graves scattered about the land, and the ruins of cities and villages were left to keep awake the memory of some of the fiercest fighting of the war in the east. * * * * * CHAPTER XL FIGHTING BEFORE THE NIEMEN AND BOBR--BOMBARDMENT OF OSSOWETZ