immortalized by the brave deeds of Antonio de Silveira and João de Castro, was plundered by a band of Arabs in 1670; and Goa itself, “Golden Goa,” was only saved from the Marāthas of Sambajì, the son of Sivajì, by the timely aid of a Mogul army. On the other hand, the Portuguese Jesuits won a reputation almost as great as that of the Portuguese heroes; though the Inquisition still continued its horrid work at Goa, there were nobler missionaries than the inquisitors, and the name of João de Brito, who preached with unexampled success until his cruel martyrdom in Madura in 1693, deserves to be ranked with that of St. Francis Xavier himself. In Africa, the chief Portuguese ports were re-conquered by Salvador Correa de Sá e Benevides in 1648, but they were only of little value, since they had been maintained chiefly as stations on the road to India, and not for purposes of African trade. The Dutch made their resting-place at the Cape of Good Hope, which is the reason why Mozambique was left to the Portuguese; and they also took possession of the rich island which had been first sighted by Lourenço de Almeida, to which they gave the name of Mauritius, after Prince Maurice of Nassau. On the western coast the Portuguese retained Angola, the Cape Verde Islands, and their other possessions; but they lost St. Helena to the Dutch, who held it until it was captured by the English captain, Anthony Munden, in 1673, when it was made into a station of the English East India Company. With their possessions in Morocco, the Portuguese parted with the more willingness, since they were only a source of expense; and the cession of Ceuta to the Spaniards and of Tangier to the English was generally approved. Of Bombay the other territorial cession made to England on the marriage of Catherine de Braganza, little need be said, for though destined to become the capital of western India, it proved at first of so little value, that in 1668 Charles II. granted it to the East India Company for ten pounds a year. [Illustration: SPECIMENS OF PORTUGUESE SILVER AND COPPER COINS. SILVER COINS. (1) A vintêm, 20 reis = about a penny. (2) Half a tostaõ, 50 reis = nearly threepence. (3) Three vintens = about threepence halfpenny. (4) Tostaō, 100 reis = rather more than sixpence. (5) Six vintens = about sevenpence. (6) Twelve vintens, 240 reis = about one shilling and twopence. (7) Crusado novo, 24 vintens = about two shillings and fourpence. COPPER COINS. (1) One-and-a-half-reis piece (Peter II., 1700) = less than half a farthing. (2) Three-reis piece (Maria and Peter III., 1797) = less than a farthing. (3) Five-reis piece (Maria Regina, 1799) = about a farthing. (4) Ten-reis piece (Maria I., 1799) = a little more than a halfpenny. ]