Agriculture, 87, 181, 368 Ahmed, Maulā, 248, 249, 253-55 Alans, the, conquer Lusitania, 10 Alarcos, battle of, 63 Albergaria, Diogo Soares de, 169 Albergaria, Francisco Soares de, 309 Albergaria, Lopo Soares de, 203 Albert, Cardinal, 286, 290 Alboquerque, Affonso de, 169, 185, 193, 197-201 Alboquerque, Francisco de, 193 Alboquerque, João de, 209 Alboquerque, Mathias de, 291 Alboquerque, Mathias de, 317 Alboquerque, Pedro de, 169 Alboquerque, Sancho, Count of, 101 Alcacer do Sal, 54, 62, 66, 72 Alcacer-Quibir, battle of (1578), 254 Alcanede granted to Knights of Calatrava, 66 Alcantara, battle of (1580), 283 Alçobaça, monastery of, 54, 69, 98, 99, 397 Alçobaça, Cortes of, 164, 165 Alemquer, 53, 104 Alemtejo, the, 55, 57, 66, 87, 181, 421 Alexander III., Pope, 57 Alexander VI., Pope, 163, 191 Alfarrobeira, battle of (1449), 133 Alfonso VI., 17, 18, 23 Alfonso VII., 30, 35, 37-39, 54 Alfonso VIII., 63, 71 Alfonso IX., 63, 64, 71 Alfonso X., 81 Alfonso XI., 92 Algarves, the, 43, 62, 76, 78, 80, 81, 181, 182 Alho, Affonso Martins, 94 Ali, Almoravide Caliph, 28 Ali Adil Shah, King of Bijápur, 247 Aljubarrota, battle of, 111, 113 Aljustrel, taken by Knights of Santiago, 76 Almada, 53, 62, 66, 104, 312 Almada, Alvaro Vaz de, _see_ Arronches, Count of Almada, Antonio de, 308, 311 Almanza, battle of (1707), 351 Almeida taken by the Spaniards (1760), 363 Almeida, Francisco de, 195-97, 214 Almeida, Lourenço de, 175, 196 Almeida, Miguel de, 308, 309, 311 Almeida-Garrett, João Baptista, 425, 431 Almohades, the, 44, 55, 57, 62; _see_ Ya’kūb, Yūsuf Almoravides, the, 17, 41 Almoster, battle of (1834), 421 Alorna, João de Almeida Portugal, Marquis of, 371, 374 Alorna, Pedro, Marquis of, 395 Alva, Duke of, 249, 281, 283 Alvares, Manoel, 276 Alvares, Mattheus, 287 Alvitiz, Pedro, 72 “Amadis of Gaul” romance, 126 Amarante, Francisco da Silveira, Count of, 415 Ameixial, battle of (1663), 331 Amelia of Bavaria, 418, 423 Anadia, Viscount of, 391 Andeiro, João Fernandes, _see_ Ourem, Count of Andrade, Gomes Freire de, 395, 413 Andrade, Jacinto Freire de, 325 Andrew of London, 52 Andrew of Oxford, 93 Angeja, Marquis of, 372 Angola, 324, 346 Anne of Austria, 314, 315 Annes, Affonso, 109 Annes, Estevão, 80 Annes, Gonçalo, 167 Annes, Martim, 75 Annes, Pedro, 73, 75 Annunciacão, Miguel de, 371 Antas, General das, 420, 424 Antonio, Prior of Crato, 281, 283-86 Aranjuez, Treaty of (1793), 386 Arcadia de Lisboa, 369, 372 Arguin, fort at, 154, 295 Armamar, Count of, 316 Arnold of Aerschot, 52 Arnold, Edmund, 118 Arrayolos, Count of, 130 Arronches, battle of (1801), 389 Arronches, Antonio Vaz de Almada, Count of, 132, 133 Arundel, Richard, Earl of, 93 Arundel, Thomas, Earl of, 118 Arzila, 133, 179, 249, 253, 285 Ashworth, Sir C., 405 Asseiceira, battle of (1834), 421 Asturians, the, 5 Ataulphus, Visigothic king, 11 Athaide, Catherina de, 270