[3] Some writers have ascribed the five “inescutcheons” on the shield of Portugal to the five Moorish kings killed at Ourique, the version adopted by Camoens in “The Lusiads,” canto iii. stanza 53. [4] _Crucesignati Anglici Epistola de Expugnatione Olisiponis_, printed in vol. i. pp. 392, &c., of the _Portugalliæ Monumenta Historica_, published by the Academy of Lisbon. [5] “Encyclopædia Britannica,” 9th edition, Article “Portugal.” [6] Camoens, “Lusiads,” canto iii. stanzas 96, 97, Burton’s translation. [7] “Lusiads,” canto iii. stanzas 118-135. [8] Camoens, “Lusiads,” canto iv. stanzas 52, 53.--Burton’s translation. [9] The leading authority for the discoveries of the Portuguese in this century is “The Life of Prince Henry of Portugal, surnamed the Navigator, and its results,” by R. H. Major, London, 1868, of which a Portuguese translation, by J. A. Ferreira Brandão, was published at Lisbon in 1876. [10] There is a good deal of contentious literature on the chronology of the African voyages of the Portuguese explorers, and in this account Mr. Major’s “Prince Henry the Navigator” has been followed. [11] “The Story of the Moors in Spain,” chapter ii. p. 24. [12] “Apontamentos para a Historia da Conquista de Portugal por Filippe II,” by A. P. Lopes de Mendonça, in vol. ii. of the “Annaes das Sciencias Moraes e Politicas.” [13] These Commentaries have been translated for the Hakluyt Society by W. de Grey Birch. [14] For this quotation, as well as the most precise and exact information on the state of India during the Portuguese dominion, I must express my indebtedness to Sir W. W. Hunter’s “Imperial Gazetteer of India,” new edition, and refer to vol. vi., article India, chapter xiv., and the articles on Calicut, Cochin, Daman, Diu, and Goa. [15] Hunter’s “Imperial Gazetteer of India,” vol. vi., article India, p. 360. [16] Camoens, “Lusiads,” canto v. stanzas 46-48. [17] The Viscount de Santarem in his “Memoria sobre o estabelicemento de Macau.” [18] According to the estimate formed at the close of 1888, Brazil had a population of 14,002,335 inhabitants, while according to the census of 1878 Portugal had a population of 4,160,315, in the Azores and Madeira 390,384, the possessions in Asia 847,503, and the possessions in Africa, 2,741,448. [19] On the character of Dom Sebastian, Sir Richard Burton has written some thoughtful pages; see his Commentary on Camoens, vol. i. pp. 341-344. [20] The word Maulā, generally corrupted into Muley, is said by Sir Richard Burton (Camoens, Commentary, vol. i. p. 350) to mean lord, master, and leader. [21] For the early history of the university, see Denifle “Die Universitäten des Mittelalters,” vol. i. pp. 519-534. [22] Montaigne’s “Essais,” i. 25. [23] “Encyclopædia Britannica,” Art. Portugal.