The story of the sun, moon, and starsGiberne, Agnes
Science
The story of the sun, moon, and stars
Giberne, Agnes
Astronomy -- Juvenile literature
Thought travels fast--faster than a comet, faster than light. A rushing
comet would, it is believed, take twenty millions of years to cross the
chasm between the nearest known fixed star and us. Light, flashing
along at the rate of about one hundred and eighty-six thousand miles a
second, will perform the same journey in four years and a third. But
thought can overleap the boundary in less than a single moment.
Each star that we see in the heavens is to our eyesight simply one
point of light. The brighter stars are said to be of greater magnitude,
and the fainter stars of lesser magnitude; yet, one and all, they have
no apparent size. The most powerful telescope, though it can increase
their brilliancy, can not add to their size. A planet, which to the
naked eye may look like a star, will, under a telescope, show a disk,
the breadth of which can be measured or divided; but no star has any
real, visible disk in the most powerful telescope yet constructed. The
reason of this is the enormous distance of the stars. Far off as many
of the planets lie, yet the farthest of them is as a member of our
household compared with the nearest star.
I have already tried to make clear the fact of their vast distance.
Light, which comes to us from the sun in eight minutes and a half,
takes over four and a third years to reach us from Alpha Centauri. From
this four-years-and-a-third length of journey between Alpha Centauri
and earth, the numbers rise rapidly to twenty years, fifty years,
seventy years, even hundreds of years. The distance of most of the
stars is completely beyond our power to measure. The whole orbit of our
earth, nay, the whole wide orbit of the far-off Neptune, would dwindle
down to one single point, if seen from the greater number of the stars.
It used to be believed that, taking the stars generally, there was
probably no very marked difference in their size, their kind, their
brightness. Some of course would be rather larger, and others rather
smaller; still it was supposed that they might be roughly classed as
formed much on the same scale and the same plan. But doubts are now
felt about this notion. For a very similar idea used to be held with
regard to the Solar System. The wonderful variety of form and richness
in numbers, now known to abound within its limits, are discoveries of
late years. May not the same variety in kind and size be found also
among the stars? The more we look into the heavens, the more we find
that dull, blank uniformity is not to be seen there.
It is the same upon earth. Man builds his little rows of boxlike houses
side by side, each one exactly like all the rest, or dresses his
thousand soldiers in coats of the same cut and color, or repeats a neat
leaf-design hundreds of times on carpets or wall-papers; but God never
makes two leafs or two blades of grass alike. Wholesale turning out of
things after one pattern is quite a human idea, not divine.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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