The story of the sun, moon, and starsGiberne, Agnes
Science
The story of the sun, moon, and stars
Giberne, Agnes
Astronomy -- Juvenile literature
This study of the magnetism of our wandering planet is very
interesting, and one which is still very little known. Here is a weak
needle, a slip of magnetic iron, which, with its restless and agitated
finger, incessantly seeks a region near the north. Carry this needle
in a balloon up to the higher aerial regions, where human life begins
to be extinguished; shut it up in a tomb closely separated from the
light of day; take it down into the pit of a mine, to more than a
thousand yards in depth,--and incessantly, day and night, without
fatigue and without rest, it watches, trembles, throbs, seeks the
point which attracts it across the sky, through the earth, and through
the night. Now--and here is a coincidence truly filled with notes of
interrogation--the years when the oscillation of this innocent little
steel wire is strongest are the years when there are more spots, more
eruptions, more tempests in the sun; and the years when its daily
fluctuations are weakest are those when we see in the day-star neither
spots, eruptions, nor storms. Does there exist, then, a magnetic bond
between the immense solar globe and our wandering abode? Is the sun
magnetic? But the magnetic currents disappear at the temperature of
red-hot iron, and the incandescent focus of light is at a temperature
incomparably higher still. Is it an electrical influx which is
transmitted from the sun to the earth across a space of ninety-three
millions of miles? On September 1, 1859, two astronomers--Carrington
and Hodgson--were observing the sun, independently of each other;
the first on a screen which received the image; the second directly
through a telescope,--when, in a moment, a dazzling flash blazed
out in the midst of a group of spots. This light sparkled for five
minutes above the spots without modifying their form, as if it were
completely independent, and yet it must have been the effect of a
terrible conflagration occurring in the solar atmosphere. Each observer
ascertained the fact separately, and was for an instant dazzled. Now,
here is a surprising coincidence: at the very moment when the sun
appeared inflamed in this region the magnetic instruments of the Kew
Observatory, near London, where they were observing, manifested a
strange agitation; the magnetic needle jumped for more than an hour
as if infatuated. Moreover, a part of the world was on that day and
the following one enveloped in the fires of an aurora borealis, in
Europe as well as in America. It was seen almost everywhere,--at Rome,
at Calcutta, in Cuba, in Australia, and in South America. Violent
magnetic perturbations were manifested, and at several points the
telegraph-lines ceased to act. Why should these two curious events not
be associated with each other? A similar coincidence was observed on
August 3, 1872, by Professor Charles A. Young, of Princeton, N. J.: a
paroxysm in the solar chromosphere, magnetic disturbances everywhere.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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