The story of the UkraineManning, Clarence Augustus
History
The story of the Ukraine
Manning, Clarence Augustus
Kievan Rus -- History; Ukraine -- History
As soon as the old Hetman’s treason had been made clear, Peter ordered
the Kozak officers to elect Ivan Skoropadsky in his place; but he
already took care that the new hetman should not have the power of
the old. Within two months, as soon as Charles had been defeated
and it was possible for Peter to make far-reaching plans, he sent a
Russian official, Izmaylov, to remain with the hetman “to be resident
minister at the hetman’s court with the function of assisting him
with ‘forceful’ advice in settling all issues, because of the recent
rebellion in Little Russia and the Zaporozhian uprising.” Skoropadsky
and all the Kozaks well knew what this meant, especially when the Tsar
refused to allow a formal confirmation of the conditions of the Treaty
of Pereyaslav. To make the significance still plainer, the Tsar moved
the hetman’s capital to Hlukhiv near the Russian border and assigned
two regiments of Russian troops to watch over the safety of the hetman
and arrest him at the slightest suspicious sign.
This was a good beginning, for every one knew and realized that from
that time on Skoropadsky would be hetman only in name. He and the Kozak
officers would have to bear the brunt of any unpopular actions. The
Kozaks would merely murmur at their own officers and the Russians could
then step in to act as the champions of the masses and try to win them
away from their allegiance to the Host. At the same time Peter very
ostentatiously treated Skoropadsky with respect on the occasions of his
state visits to the capital, and waited.
The building of the city of St. Petersburg and the various other works
in the north, like the construction of the Ladoga Canal, demanded
an abundance of labor. The Kozaks were in a way bound to government
service and Peter summoned large numbers of them to the north, where
they were compelled to labor under the most unhealthy conditions. They
died by the thousands, and the Host the next year or on the return of
the survivors was compelled to furnish other large contingents. Orlyk,
who kept in touch with the situation from abroad, openly said that it
was the object of Peter to exterminate the whole Host by these methods.
He may have exaggerated Peter’s purpose but facts certainly seemed to
support him.
At the same time Skoropadsky was not strong enough to maintain order
at home. He was much under the influence of his wife and his friends.
His son-in-law, whom he made army judge, indulged so extensively in
bribery that Peter again felt himself called upon to intervene and in
1722, he appointed a Little Russian Board under Brigadier Velyaminov
to supervise the administration of justice under the hetman. This act
definitely transferred the most important functions of the Host in
times of peace to the Russian commanders of the garrison in Ukraine.
Even Skoropadsky protested against this last act, and the refusal of
his petition so hurt the old man that he died a few months later.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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