The story of the UkraineManning, Clarence Augustus
History
The story of the Ukraine
Manning, Clarence Augustus
Kievan Rus -- History; Ukraine -- History
Catherine at once decided to standardize the government of the Empire
and to this end she decided to abolish the local autonomies that had
existed in various border provinces. This meant the actual elimination
of all the Ukrainian rights and privileges and the placing of the
Ukrainians on the same basis as the Great Russians. At the same time
Cyril Rozumovsky, in his role as Colonel of the Izmailovsky Regiment,
had been one of the men to whom she owed her throne at the time of
her coup d’état and she did not wish at once to cast him out of his
position. She therefore waited until she received a report that he was
seeking to have the hetmanate made hereditary in his family.
It is not known definitely whether this proposal was put forward by
some of the Officers’ Council in an endeavor to please him, whether
he had engineered the move, or whether it was inspired by Teplov, who
had accompanied him to Ukraine as his tutor and who was regarded as
the spearhead of Russian influence during his hetmanate. Although the
proposal was not signed by the officers, word of it was reported to
Catherine and along with it were sent reports of the oppression of the
peasants and ordinary Kozaks by their officers.
The Seven Years War, which saw the end of the French possessions in
America and the rise of Prussia, ended in 1763. Then, with peace in
Europe, 1764 proved another turning point in the complicated game
that involved Russia, Poland, and Ukraine. In that year Catherine
succeeded in forcing the election as King of Poland of Stanislas August
Poniatowski, a former lover. His relatives, the Czartoryski Family,
had hoped to put one of their number on the throne, but Catherine by
her energetic use of Russian money and Russian troops definitely had
her way and she could know with satisfaction that Poland would from
that time on cause no trouble. Just as the weakening of Poland had
caused the Tsars to increase their control of Ukraine, so the placing
of a Russian puppet on the Polish throne justified Catherine in going
further in Ukraine.
She accordingly requested the resignation of Rozumovsky. He postponed
doing it as long as was practicable, but was finally compelled to yield
and asked to be relieved of his difficult and dangerous office. This
was accepted on November 10, 1764 and in return she gave him a pension
of 60,000 rubles a year and allowed him to keep the vast estates that
had formerly been connected with the post of hetman. She replaced him
with a new Little Russian Board composed of four Russians and four
Ukrainians, seated in order of seniority to show that there was no
difference between the two peoples, and left the power in the hands of
the governor general, Count Rumyantsev. At the same time she instructed
Rumyantsev to give particular attention to the introduction of serfdom
and to beware of the general dislike of the Kozak officers for Russia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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