The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
History
The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
The cluster known as 35 Messier, a little north of the star Eta
Geminorum, is visible in an opera-glass, but a small telescope
is required to see the component stars. A well-marked clustering
tendency is visible among the brighter stars of the group, two,
three, four, and sometimes five stars being grouped together in
subordinate collections. Admiral Smyth says: “It presents a gorgeous
field of stars from the ninth to the sixteenth magnitude, but with
the centre of the mass less rich than the rest. From the small stars
being inclined to form curves of three or four, and often with a
large one at the root of the curve, it somewhat reminds one of the
bursting of a sky-rocket.” This tendency to “stream” formation in
the components of star clusters is also well marked in a photograph
of the cluster 38 Messier (kindly sent to me by MM. Henry of the
Paris Observatory). It was described by Webb as “a noble cluster
arranged in an oblique cross,” and Smyth says: “The very unusual
shape of this cluster recalls the sagacity of Sir William Herschel’s
speculations upon the subject, and very much favors the idea of an
attractive power lodged in the brightest part. For although the form
is not globular, it is plainly to be seen that there is a tendency
toward sphericity, by the swell of the dimensions as they draw near
the most luminous part, denoting, as it were, a stream or tide of
stars, setting toward the centre.”
Sir W. Herschel, speaking of a compressed cluster in Perseus, says
“the large stars are arranged in lines like interwoven letters,” and
Webb says “it is beautifully bordered by a brighter foreshortened
pentagon.”
Observing with a 3-inch telescope in India, I noticed a beautiful
cluster of stars, about 4° north of Gamma and Upsilon Scorpii,
resembling in shape a bird’s foot, with remarkable streams of stars.
This cluster is visible to the naked eye as a star of about the fifth
magnitude.
Although these loosely associated star clusters do not show such
evidence in favor of family connection as the more closely compacted
globular clusters, still we can hardly escape from the conviction
that their apparent aggregation is really due to some physical bond
of union, and not merely the result of a fortuitous scattering of
stars at different distances in the line of sight.
THE GREAT NEBULA OF ORION.—SIR ROBERT S. BALL
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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