The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
History
The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
The star Beta Cygni is composed of a large and small star, of which
the colors are described as “golden yellow and smalt blue.” This is
a very wide double, and may be seen with quite a small telescope.
Another fine double star is that known to astronomers as Gamma
Andromedæ. The magnitudes of the components are about the same as
those of Mizar, but a little closer. Their colors are beautiful
(“gold and blue”). This is one of the prettiest double stars in the
heavens. It is really a triple star, the fainter of the pair being
a very close double star; but this is beyond the reach of all but
the largest telescopes. The star Gamma Delphini is another beautiful
object, the components being a little more unequal in magnitude, but
the distance between them about the same as in Gamma Andromedæ. I
have noted the colors with a 3-inch telescope as “reddish yellow and
grayish lilac.” Gamma Arietis, the faintest of the three well-known
stars in the head of Aries, is another fine double star, a little
closer than Gamma Delphini. This is an interesting object, from the
fact that it was one of the first double stars discovered with the
telescope—by Hooke, in 1664, when following the comet of that year.
Another beautiful double star is Eta Cassiopeiæ, the components
being about equal in brightness to those of Gamma Delphini, but the
distance less than one-half. The colors are, according to Webb,
yellow and purple; but other observers have found the smaller star
garnet or red. This is a very interesting object, the components
revolving round each other, and forming what is called a binary star.
Another fine double star is Castor, which is composed of two nearly
equal stars separated by a distance about half that between the
components of Gamma Andromedæ. This is also a binary, or revolving
double star, but the period is long. Gamma Virginis is another fine
double star, with components at about the same distance as those of
Castor, and the colors very similar. It is also a remarkable binary
star.
Among double stars of which the components are closer than those
mentioned above, but which are within the reach of a good 3-inch
telescope—a common size with amateur observers—the following may be
noticed: Alpha Herculis, colors, orange or emerald green; the light
of this star is slightly variable. Gamma Leonis, another binary star
with a long period; colors, pale yellow and purple. Epsilon Boötis,
a lovely double star, the colors of which Secchi described as “most
beautiful yellow, superb blue.”
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