The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
History
The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
The minute vibrations of the magnetic needle, thus carefully
watched—day after day, month after month, year after year—were found
to exhibit a yet more minute oscillatory change. They waxed and waned
within narrow limits of variation, but yet in a manner there was
no mistaking. The period of this oscillatory change was not to be
determined, however, by the observations of a few years. Between the
time when the diurnal vibration was least until it had reached its
greatest extent, and thence returned to its first value, no less than
ten and a half years elapsed, and a much longer time passed before
the periodic character of the change was satisfactorily determined.
The reader will at once see what these observations tend to. The
sun spots vary in frequency within a period of ten and a half years,
and the magnetic diurnal vibrations vary within a period of the same
duration. It might seem fanciful to associate the two periodic series
of changes together, and doubtless when the idea first occurred to
Lamont, it was not with any great expectation of finding it confirmed
that he examined the evidence bearing on the point. Judging from
known facts, we may see reasons for such an expectation in the
correspondence of the needle’s diurnal vibration with the sun’s
apparent motion, and the law which has been found to associate the
annual variations of the magnet’s power with the sun’s distance. But
undoubtedly when the idea occurred to Lamont it was an exceedingly
bold one, and the ridicule with which the first announcement of the
supposed law was received, even in scientific circles, suffices to
show how unexpected that relation was which is now so thoroughly
established. For a careful comparison between the two periods has
demonstrated that they agree most perfectly, not merely in length,
but maximum for maximum, and minimum for minimum. When the sun spots
are most numerous, then the daily vibration of the magnet is most
extensive, while, when the sun’s face is clear of spots, the needle
vibrates over its smallest diurnal arc.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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