The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
History
The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
The hemisphere which hitherto received the larger
proportion of heat will receive the lesser share, and that half of
the globe which has endured the larger number of wintry days will
now, in its turn, enjoy the more lengthened period of summer. Then,
after a second period of 12,900 years, during which the relation
between the seasons of the two hemispheres is being gradually
modified, the axis of the earth completes its round of swaying,
which has lasted for 258 centuries, and the position of the globe in
respect to the sun being nearly the same as at its starting-point, a
second cycle of seasons will then commence.
We might call this period _the earth’s great year_, if, at the end of
it, the earth were in an identical position to that which it occupied
at the commencement; but this is not the case. The attraction of the
moon, and the disturbances caused by the vicinity of certain planets,
are incessantly modifying the curve described in the starry fields
of space by the earth’s axis, and complicate it with a multitude of
spirals, the various periods of which do not coincide with the great
period of the swaying of the axis. The successive undulations form a
continuous system of interwoven spirals. “It is a manifestation of
the infinite.”
But even this is not all. In addition to all the motions of the
globe which we have already pointed out—its diurnal rotation, its
annual revolution round the sun, the rhythmical swaying of its axis,
proved by the precession of the equinoxes, the nutation or more rapid
swaying which is caused by the attraction of the moon—we must now
notice the enormous translatory movement which is dragging it through
endless tracks of space in the train of the sun. Not many years ago,
this motion was entirely unknown to astronomers, and yet it is going
on with inconceivable rapidity—a rapidity more than double that of
the course of the planet round its central luminary. In one second
of time the earth moves about forty-four miles toward the point of
the heavens where we find the constellation of Hercules. During one
year only she travels 1,382 millions of miles in this direction.
Our own little earth itself is carried on from space to space, and
never closes the cycle of its revolutions. Ever since the time when
its particles were first grouped together, it has been describing in
space the infinite spiral of its ellipses, and thus will it go on
turning and oscillating in ether until the moment when it will exist
no longer as an independent planet. For the earth, too, must have an
end; like every other body in the universe, it comes into existence,
and lives only to die when its turn comes. Already its annual motion
of rotation is diminishing in speed; certainly this slackening of
pace is not very observable, since no astronomer from Hipparchus to
Laplace has yet exactly defined it. But, unless some cosmical force
acting in a contrary direction compensates for the loss of speed
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