The story of the universe. Volume 2 (of 4) : $b The earth : land and sea
History
The story of the universe. Volume 2 (of 4) : $b The earth : land and sea
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
We have already explained how the constant face of the moon can
be accounted for by the action of tides raised in the moon by the
attraction of the earth. Owing to the small size of the moon the
tides have already wrought all that they were capable of doing, and
have compelled the moon to succumb to the conditions they imposed.
Owing to the great mass of the earth and the comparatively small
mass of the moon the tides on the earth raised by the moon have
required a much longer period wherein to accomplish their effects
than was the case when the earth raised tides on the moon. But small
though our satellite may be, yet the tides raised on the earth have
incessantly tended to wear down the speed of our globe and reduce it
to conformity with the law that the two bodies shall bear the same
face toward each other. At present the earth turns round twenty-seven
times while the moon goes round once, so the tides have still a
gigantic task to accomplish. With unflagging energy, however, they
are incessantly engaged at the work, and they are constantly tending
to bring down the speed of the earth; constantly tending toward that
ultimate condition of things in which the earth and moon are destined
to revolve in a period of fourteen hundred hours as if they were
connected with invisible bonds.
If such a state of things as this were established then it is plain
that tides would no longer ebb and flow, that is, at least, if we
exclude from our consideration the intervention of any other body.
High tides must prevail at some parts of the earth, and low tides at
other parts, but the position of these tides will remain fixed. Where
it is high tide it will always be high tide; where it is low tide
it will always be low tide. When this state of things is reached,
the moon will be constantly visible in the same part of the sky from
one half of our globe, while the other half of our globe will never
be turned toward the moon. In fact, the moon would always appear
to us in a fixed position as the earth would always appear to be
if viewed by an observer stationed on the moon. If there were any
Lunarians whose residence was confined to the opposite side of the
moon, they could never see this earth at all, while those who lived
on this side of our satellite would always be able to see the earth
apparently fixed in the same part of the sky. An observatory located
at the middle of the moon’s disk, say near the crater Ptolemy, would
always have the earth in its zenith or very near thereto, while the
astronomer, let us say, in the Mare Crisium, would always find the
earth low down near his horizon.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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