The last section of the Gulf Stream surveyed by the American hydrographers extends in a southeasterly direction from Cape Cod, lat. 41° N., and traces the Gulf Stream, still broken up by its bands of unequal temperature, spreading directly eastward across the Atlantic; its velocity has, however, now become inconsiderable, and its limits are best traced by the thermometer. The course of the Gulf Stream beyond this point has given rise to much discussion. I again quote Professor Buff for what may be regarded as the view most generally received among physical geographers: “A great part of the warm water is carried partly by its own motion, but chiefly by the prevailing west and northwest winds, toward the coast of Europe and even beyond Spitzbergen and Nova Zembla; and thus a part of the heat of the south reaches far into the Arctic Ocean. Hence, on the north coast of the Old Continent, we always find driftwood from the southern regions, and on this side the Arctic Ocean remains free from ice during a great part of the year, even as far up as 80° north latitude; while on the opposite coast (of Greenland) the ice is not quite thawed even in summer.” The two forces invoked by Professor Buff to perform the work are thus the _vis à tergo_ of the trade-wind drift and the direct driving power of the anti-trades, producing what has been called the anti-trade drift. This is quite in accordance with the views here advocated. The proportion in which these two forces act, it is undoubtedly impossible in the present state of our knowledge to determine. Mr. A. G. Findlay, a high authority on all hydrographic matters, read a paper on the Gulf Stream before the Royal Geographical Society, reported in the 13th volume of the Proceedings of the Society. Mr. Findlay, while admitting that the temperature of Northern Europe is abnormally ameliorated by a surface-current of the warm water of the Atlantic which reaches it, contends that the Gulf Stream proper--that is to say, the water injected, as it were, into the Atlantic through the Strait of Florida by the impulse of the trade-winds--becomes entirely thinned out, dissipated, and lost opposite the Newfoundland banks about lat. 45° N. The warm water of the southern portion of the North Atlantic basin is still carried northward; but Mr. Findlay attributes this movement solely to the anti-trades--the southwest winds--which by their prevalence keep up a balance of progress in a northeasterly direction in the surface layer of the water.