The story of the universe. Volume 2 (of 4) : $b The earth : land and sea
History
The story of the universe. Volume 2 (of 4) : $b The earth : land and sea
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
It appears that this cloud of dust started immediately from Krakatoa
for a series of voyages round the world. The highway which it at
first pursued may, for our present purpose, be sufficiently defined
by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, though it hardly
approached these margins at first. Westward the dust of Krakatoa
takes its way. In three days it had crossed the Indian Ocean and
was rapidly flying over the heart of Equatorial Africa; for another
couple of days it was making a transatlantic journey; and then it
might be found, for still a couple of days more, over the forests of
Brazil ere it commenced the great Pacific voyage which brought it
back to the East Indies. The dust of Krakatoa had put a girdle round
the earth in thirteen days! The shape of the cloud appears to have
been elongated, so that it took two or three days to complete the
passage over any stated place.
It remains to give some brief account of the optical phenomena due
to the presence of dust, unusual both in quantity and in character,
in the upper atmosphere. Beautiful pictures show the twilight and
after-glow effects as seen by Mr. W. Ascroft on the bank of the
Thames a little west of London, on the evening of November 26, 1883.
Analogous phenomena were seen almost universally during November and
December in the same year. Who is there that does not remember the
wondrous loveliness of the twilights and the after-glows during that
remarkable winter! These appearances at sunrise and sunset are only
the more generally recognized of a whole system of strange optical
phenomena. One of the most striking indications of the presence of
the dust-stream in its first voyage round the earth was given by the
strange blue hue it imparted to the sun. The dust-stream was also
visible in its rapid voyages as a lofty haze or extensive cloud of
cirro-stratus. Then, too, strange halos were often seen, there were
occasional blue or green moons, and the sun was sometimes glorified
by a corona that had its origin in our atmosphere. Everywhere in the
world there were remarkable features in the sky that winter: from
Tierra del Fuego to Lake Superior; from China to the Gulf of Guinea;
from Panama to Australia. Wherever on land there were inhabitants
with sufficient intelligence to note the unusual, wherever on the sea
there were mariners who kept a careful log, from all such observers
we learn that in the autumn and winter months following the great
eruption of Krakatoa, there were extraordinary manifestations
witnessed in the heavens.
VOLCANOES
--SIR ARCHIBALD GEIKIE
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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