The story of the universe. Volume 2 (of 4) : $b The earth : land and sea
History
The story of the universe. Volume 2 (of 4) : $b The earth : land and sea
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
I shall content myself with the mention of three facts in
illustration of the great sea waves which accompanied the eruption
of Krakatoa. Of these, probably the most unusual is the magnitude
of the area over which the undulations were perceived. Thus, to
mention but a single instance, and that not by any means an extreme
one, we find that the tide gauge at Table Bay reveals waves which,
notwithstanding that they have traveled 5,100 miles from Krakatoa,
have still a range of eighteen inches when they arrive at the
southern coast of Africa. The second fact that I mention illustrates
the magnitude of the seismic waves by the extraordinary inundations
that they produced on the shores of the Straits of Sunda. Captain
Wharton shows that the waves, as they deluged the land, must have
been fifty feet, or, in one well authenticated case, seventy-two
feet high. It was, of course, these vast floods which caused the
fearful loss of life. The third illustrative fact concerns the fate
of a man-of-war, the _Berouw_. This unhappy vessel was borne from
its normal element and left high and dry in Sumatra, a mile and
three-quarters inland, and thirty feet above the level of the sea.
During the crisis on August 26-27, the volume of material blown into
the air was sufficiently dense to obscure the coasts of Sumatra
to such a degree that at 10 A. M. the darkness there is stated to
have been more intense than it is even in the blackest of nights.
The fire-dust ascended to an elevation which, as we have already
mentioned, is estimated to have been as much as seventeen miles.
Borne aloft into these higher regions of our atmosphere, the clouds
of dust at once became the sport of the winds and the currents which
may be found there. If we had not previously known the prevailing
tendency of the winds at these elevations and in these latitudes, the
journey of the Krakatoa dust would have taught us.
It seems certain that, having attained their lofty elevation, the
mighty clouds of dust were seized by easterly winds, and were swept
along with a velocity which may not improbably be normal at a height
of twenty miles above the earth’s surface.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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