Quite a number of flowers have distinctly mimetic odors. It can hardly be doubted, for example, that the offensive smell of the carrion flowers Stapelia, Aristolochia, Arum, Rafflesia, and others, is more effective in promoting cross-fertilization because of its resemblance to the odor of putrid meat. So completely are the flesh flies deceived that they often deposit their eggs on the petals of carrion flowers. Fetid odors occur in Bryonia, Helleborus, Geranium, Stachys, Ballota, Iris and other genera. The odors of others have a curious resemblance to the smells emitted by certain animals. Hypericum hircinum and Orchis hircina are bad smelling flowers with an odor resembling that of the goat; Coriandrum sativum has the fetid smell of bugs, while the hemlock, again, emits a strong odor of mice. Along with these may be mentioned Adoxa, the musk orchis, the grape hyacinth, and other musky-scented flowers. The resemblance in smell between these flowers and the secretion formed in the scent glands of the musk ox and other animals is, to say the least, a remarkable coincidence. Possibly flies which accompany cattle may be attracted by smells of this description. Very curious also is the vinous smell of Œnanthe, and the brandy-like aroma of the yellow water lily Nuphar, hence called the brandy bottle. Ethereal oils exhaled by plants while attractive to some animals seem to repel others; the scents of sweet-smelling flowers such as Daphne, Thymus, Marjoram, Melilotus, and Gymnademia, though grateful to bees and butterflies, appear to be distasteful to ruminants. Kerner states that in general the latter avoid all blossoms; even caterpillars do not readily attack the petals of their food plants. Odor may therefore be protective or attractive or it may be of use in both ways. The same remark applies to color, which may serve either to attract or repel; the richly variegated leaves of the Indian nettles--species of Colleus--and the tinted foliage of begonia and geranium may possibly escape injury on account of the general resemblance to colored blossoms. Instances in which one plant resembles another in smell are not very common in the flowering class, though cases do occur like the garlic, mustard and apple-scented Salvia. Resembling odors are much more frequent among fungi.