The story of the universe. Volume 3 (of 4) : $b The earth's garment : flora
History
The story of the universe. Volume 3 (of 4) : $b The earth's garment : flora
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
It would not be difficult to make some of the more important
characters of the two families I have mentioned so clear, even to a
person unacquainted with botany, that he would be enabled readily to
distinguish any plant belonging to them. Very different is it with
the following, the last group, the Jussieuan family of nettle-plants,
or Urticaceæ. The plants belonging to this vary in the most striking
manner in their external forms, from the smallest, most insignificant
weeds, like our common pellitory of the wall and our nettles, to
vast and stately trees like the breadfruits (Artocarpus integrifolia
and incisa), which, with their wide-stretched branches and broad,
beautifully formed leaves, overshadow the huts of the South Sea
Islander, who lives upon their savory fruit. As in the family of
the spurges, only some few plants bestow in their seed a pleasant
nut-like kernel (as Aleurites triloba in the Moluccas, Conceveiba
guianensis in South America); as in the Apocynaceous group, several
trees afford cooling, juicy, and therefore highly valued fruits
to the inhabitants of hot regions (Carissa Carandas in the East
Indies, Carissa edulis in Arabia, etc.), so the family of the
Urticaceæ includes the strangest multiplicity of fructifications. The
little oil grains of the hemp, the green grape-like bunches which
gracefully adorn the slender twining hop, the aromatic mulberry,
the sweet fig, the useful bread-fruit, all those so various forms
belong to one group of plants, and the botanist traces in all the
same fundamental structure, however incongruous these manifold shapes
may appear to the eye of the uninitiated. One peculiarity alone
extends without exception throughout all the species of this large
order, namely, the presence of fine but strong bass-fibres in the
bark. The German name for muslin, Nessel-tuch (nettle-cloth), denotes
the source from whence the fibre of which it is made was originally
obtained (Urtica cannabina), and the skilful industry of the gentle
Tahitan prepares the most delicate stuff, without spinning-wheel
or loom, from the fine white bass of the auté of paper-mulberry
(Broussonetia papyrifera).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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