ANTHOPHORE, a stalk supporting the inner floral envelopes, and separating them from the calyx. ANTHOS, a flower; in composition, _Antho_; in Latin, _Flos_. ANTHOTAXIS, the arrangement of the flowers on the axis. APETALOUS, without petals; in other words, monochlamydeous. APHYLLOUS, without leaves. APICULATE, having an apiculus. APICULUS, or APICULUM, a terminal soft point, springing abruptly. APOCARPOUS, ovary and fruit composed of numerous distinct carpels. APOPHYSIS, a swelling at the base of the theca in some mosses. APOTHECIUM, the rounded, shield-like fructification of lichens. APTEROUS, without wings or membraneous margins. ARACHNOID, applied to fine hairs so entangled as to resemble a cobweb. ARBOREOUS, tree-like. ARCHEGONIUM, the female organ in cryptogamic plants. ARCUATE, curved in an arched manner. AREOLÆ, little spaces on a surface. AREOLATE, divided into distinct angular spaces, or areolæ. ARILLATE, having an arillus. ARILLUS and ARILLODE, an extra covering on the seed; the former proceeding from the placenta, the latter from the exostome, as in mace. ARISTA, an awn, a long pointed process. ARMATURE, the hairs, prickles, etc., covering an organ. ARTICULATED, jointed, separated easily and cleanly at some point. ASCENDING, applied to a procumbent stem which rises gradually from its base: to ovules attached a little above the base of the ovary; and to hairs directed toward the upper part of their support. ASCI, tubes containing the sporidia of the cryptogamia. ASCIDIUM, a pitcher-like leaf, as in _Nepenthes_. ASPERITY, roughness, as on the leaves of _Boraginaceæ_. ATROPAL, the same as orthotropous. ATTENUATE, thin and slender. AURICULATE, having appendages; applied to leaves having lobes (ear-shaped) or leaflets at their base. AWN and AWNED. See _Arista_. AXIL, the upper angle, where the leaf joins the stem. AXILE, or AXIAL, belonging to the axis. AXIL-FLOWERING, flowering in the axilla. AXILLARY, arising from the axil of a leaf. AXIS is applied collectively to the stem and root--the ascending and descending axis, respectively. B BACCA, berry, a unilocular fruit, having a soft outer covering and seeds immersed in pulp. BACCATE, resembling a berry. BALAUSTA, the fruit of the pomegranate. BARBATE, bearded, having tufts of hair. BARK (_cortex_), the outer cellular and fibrous covering of the stem; separate from the wood in dicotyledons. BARREN, not fruitful; applied to male flowers, and to the non-fructifying fronds of ferns. BASAL, or BASILAR, attached to the base of an organ. BASIDIUM, a cell bearing on its exterior one or more spores in some fungi, which are hence called _Basidiosporous_. BAST, or BASS, the inner fibrous bark of dicotyledonous trees. BEAKED, like the sharp-pointed beak of a bird in form.