EPIDERMIS, the cellular layer covering the external surface of plants. EPIGYNOUS, above the ovary by adhesion to it. EPIPETALOUS, inserted on the petals. EPIPHYLLOUS, growing upon a leaf. EPIPHYTES, attached to another plant, and growing suspended in the air. EPISPERM, the external covering of the seed. EQUITANT, applied to leaves folded longitudinally, and overlapping each other without any involution. ERECT, applied to an ovule which rises from the base of the ovary. ERODED, gnawed or bitten. EROSE, irregularly toothed, as if gnawed. ERUMPENT, as if bursting through the epidermis. ESCHAROTIC, having the power to scar or burn the skin. ETÆRIO, the aggregate drupes forming the fruit of _Rubus_. ETIOLATION, blanching; losing color through growth in the dark. EXALBUMINOUS, without a separate store of albumen or perisperm. EXANNULATE, without a ring; applied to some ferns. EXCENTRIC, removed from the centre or axis; applied to a lateral embryo. EXCIPULUS, a receptacle containing fructification in lichens. EXCORIATED, stripped of skin or bark. EXCURRENT, running out beyond the edge or point. EXOGEN, dicotyledon. EXORHIZAL, radicle proceeding directly from the axis, and afterward branching, as in exogens. EXOSMOSE, the passing outward of a fluid through a membrane. EXOSTOME, the outer opening of the foramen of the ovule. EXOTHECIUM, the outer coat of the anther. EXSERTED, extended beyond an organ, as stamens beyond the corolla. EXSICCATED, dried up. EXSTIPULATE, without stipules. EXTINE, the outer covering of the pollen grain. EXTRA-AXILLARY, removed from the axil of the leaf, as in the case of some buds. EXTRORSE, applied to anthers which dehisce on the side furthest removed from the pistil. F FÆCULA, starchy matter. FALCATE, or FALCIFORM, bent like a sickle. FARINACEOUS, mealy, containing much starch. FASCIATION, union of branches of stems so as to present a flattened ribbon-like form. FASCICLE, a shortened umbellate cyme, as in some species of _Dianthus_. FASCICULATE, arranged in bundles. FASTIDIATE, having a pyramidal form, from the branches being parallel and erect, as in Lombardy poplar. FAUCES, the gaping part of a monopetalous corolla. FEATHER-VEINED, a leaf having the veins passing from the midrib at a more or less acute angle, and extending to the margin. FECUNDATION, fertilization. FENESTRATE, applied to a leaf with perforations. FERRUGINOUS, rusty. FERTILE, applied to pistillate flowers, and to the fruit-bearing fronds of ferns. FIBROUS, composed of numerous fibres, as some roots. FIBRO-VASCULAR TISSUE, containing vessels and fibres. FILAMENT, stalk supporting the anther. FILAMENTOUS, a string of cells placed end to end. FILIFORM, like a thread. FIMBRIATED, fringed at the margin. FISSIPAROUS, dividing spontaneously into two parts by means of a septum.