The story of the universe. Volume 4 (of 4) : $b The earth's creatures : fauna
History
The story of the universe. Volume 4 (of 4) : $b The earth's creatures : fauna
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
In the fourth order, that of the Rodentia, the toes differ but little
from those of the Carnivora, but there are no canine teeth, and the
incisors are placed in front of the mouth, and adapted to a very
peculiar sort of manducation.
Then come those animals whose toes are much cramped and deeply sunk
in large nails, which are generally curved; they have no incisors,
and in some the canines disappear, while others have none of any
description. We comprise them all under the title of Edentata.
This distribution of the unguiculated animals would be perfect and
form a very regular series were it not that New Holland has lately
furnished us with a little collateral one, consisting of animals with
pouches, the different genera of which are connected by a general
similarity of organization; some of them, however, in the teeth and
nature of their diet corresponding to the Carnivora and others to the
Rodentia, and a third to the Edentata.
The hoofed animals are less numerous, and have likewise fewer
irregularities.
The Ruminantia, by their cloven foot, the absence of true incisors in
their upper jaw, and their four stomachs, form an order that is very
distinct.
The remaining hoofed animals may all be united in a single order,
which I shall call Pachydermata or Jumenta, the elephant excepted,
which might constitute a separate one, and which is remotely
connected with that of the Rodentia.
In the last place we find those of the mammalia which have no
posterior extremities, whose piscatory form and aquatic mode of life
would induce us to form them into a particular class, were it not
that in everything else their economy is similar to that in which
we have them. These are the hot-blooded fishes of the ancients, or
the Cetacea, which, uniting to the vigor of the other mammalia the
advantage of being sustained by the watery element, present to our
wondering sight the most gigantic of animals.
ZOOLOGICAL ZONES
--SIR RICHARD OWEN
Organic life in its animal form is much more developed, and more
variously, in the sea than in its vegetable form.
Observations of marine animals have led to attempts at generalizing
the results; and the modes of enunciating these generalizations or
laws of geographical distribution are very analogous to those which
have been applied to the vegetable kingdom, which is as diversely
developed on land as is the animal kingdom in the sea. Certain
horizontal areas, or provinces, have been characterized by the entire
assemblage of animals and plants constituting their population, of
which a considerable proportion is peculiar to each province, and
the majority of the species have their areas of maximum development
within it.
Of such provinces of marine life, that much-lamented, far-seeing,
and genial philosopher, Edward Forbes, has provisionally defined
twenty-five.
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